Case Study - Sleep Apnea After interviewing Senior Reynold, you note the following: Mr. Reynold is under considerable stress. He owns his own business. The stress of overseeing his employees, meeting deadlines, and carrying out negotiations has led to poor sleep habits. He sleeps 3-4 hours per night, He keeps himself going by drinking 2 quarts (2 Liters of coffee a day and smoking 3-4 packs of cigarettes per day. He has gained 50 pounds over the past two years, leading to a current weight of 250 pounds. He tells you he has difficulty staying awake, wakes up with a headache on most mornings, and has midmorning somnolence. He says he is depressed irritable most of the time and reports difficulty concentrating and learning new things. He has been involved in three automobile accidents in the past year. 1. List three (3) factors the patient can eliminate, or change. to improve his lifestyle. (3 points) a) c) 2. Differentiate between central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea. (4 points) a) Central sleep apnea b) Obstructive sleep apnea Mr. Reynold's vital signs are 164/90, 92, 18 and 02 Sta 90% on room air. His examination findings are normal except for a few bruises over the right side of the rib cage. You inquire about the bruises on the right side of his rib cage, and the patient tells you his wife jabs him with her elbow several times every night. In her own defense, the wife states "Well he stops breathing and I get worried, so I jab him to make him start breathing again. If I do not jab him, I find myself listening for his next breath and I can't go to sleep." You suspect sleep apnea. 3. Review Mr. Reynold's vital signs, select those that are abnormal/borderline abnormal and describe the physiology of why they may be abnormal. (6 points) a) b) c) 4. Define apnea. (2 points) a) 5. List six (6) signs of sleep apnea the patient/wife is describing that would lead you to believe this patient may have sleep apnea. (6 points) a) b) d) e) f) 6) Describe what a CPAP machine may help this patient? (4 points) a)