investors are not afraid of risk is valid and this raise an important point about why is the risk appetite of investors varying though we say, "investors expect high returns for taking higher risks",

It would be interesting to investigate how the parties involved would answer this dynamic question given the risk aptitude of the investors vary, the riskiness of the assets in the market varies not just with the issue but also with geographic location and time.

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Do you have any formula to assess riskiness and provide a foolproof suggestion to the investors and financial managers?hr

Please an example and the references for further reading