Is the following True or False, and why? (explain in a sentence or two) Increasing survival might change Lee's measure of optimal fertility from a TFR less than 2 to a TFR greater than 2. This is referencing the uploaded paper

HHS Public Access Author manuscript Science. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 10. Published in final edited form as: Science. 2014 October 10; 346(6206): 229-234. doi:10.1 126/science.1250542. Author Manuscript Is Low Fertility Really a Problem? Population Aging, Dependency, and Consumption Ronald Lee', Andrew Mason , and members of the NTA Network Ronald Lee: rice@demog.berkeley.edu; Andrew Mason: amason @ hawailedu "Departments of Demography and Economics, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Ave., Berkeley, CA 94720 "Department of Economics, University of Hawall at Manoa, 2424 Malle Way, Honolulu, HI 96821 East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848-1601 Author Manuscript Abstract Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. While low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material Author Manuscript standard of living Economic behavior, abilities, and needs vary strongly over the human life cycle. During childhood and old age, we consume more than we produce through our labor. The gap is made up in part by relying on accumulated assets. It is also made up through intergenerational transfers, both public and private, that shift of resources from some generations to others with no expectation of direct repayment. Private transfers occur when parents rear their children and when older people assist their adult children or alternatively receive assistance from them. Public transfers include public education, publicly funded "This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Science. This version has not undergone final editing. Please refer to the Author Manuscript complete version of record at http:/www sciencemag.org/. The manuscript may not be reproduced or used in amy manner that does not fall within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act without the prior, written permission of AAAS. Correspondence to: Ronald Lee, Fleet demog . berkeley . edu; Andrew Mason, amason@ hawaii . edu. 4List of members of the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) Network who are authors and their institutions is provided in it nowledgements. Supplementary Materials www sciencemag.org Materials and Methods This. 51. 52 References (24 34)