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Is There a Significant Difference Between Men's and Women's Systolic Blood Pressures? project Goal: To explore two-sample confidence intervals and two-sample hypothesis testing for quantitative

Is There a Significant Difference Between Men's and Women's Systolic Blood Pressures?"

project Goal: To explore two-sample confidence intervals and two-sample hypothesis testing for quantitative data.

Directions Overview: You will explore a pair of datasets provided by your instructor and report on the procedures, results, and conclusions. In your report, be sure to use full sentences, and justify your answers using specific details or values as appropriate. The following template will guide you through this process.

The data is as follows:

Women's data:

Sample #1 Sample #2 Sample #3 Sample #4 Sample #5 Sample #6 Sample #7 Sample #8 Sample #9 Sample #10
94 118 127 107 110 101 102 115 117 116
152 141 133 95 99 129 115 143 130 118
103 117 117 125 118 152 122 115 104 142
96 84 103 106 108 99 110 99 121 143
102 98 142 121 113 117 167 129 98 121
127 122 135 111 107 142 133 128 109 119
132 126 119 116 106 115 159 132 161 112
160 100 104 114 115 114 131 142 170 124
128 160 133 126 118 144 161 152 105 119
133 116 156 99 106 126 104 108 103 163
112 102 151 120 104 103 109 126 102 114
117 113 92 97 135 141 117 119 121 106
104 105 127 114 139 106 106 105 125 103
112 120 127 129 126 107 110 92 97 149
124 133 131 156 112 143 117 108 105 118
129 98 97 132 118 161 115 108 129 108
104 113 115 133 105 84 104 101 110 99
107 160 106 101 124 102 89 107 116 120
108 108 130 131 111 103 137 126 138 111
109 104 102 131 100 115 105 116 107 102
105 120 137 110 96 114 157 164 114 103
133 100 91 119 148 104 115 111 141 115
108 119 118 96 106 91 104 106 133 102
126 116 112 104 124 142 139 108 110 105
141 105 116 103 127 132 138 96 120 143
130 107 157 119 103 102 99 123 92 125
142 114 123 101 112 109 102 95 134 120
120 111 114 112 100 108 123 122 89 116
124 135 116 131 103 123 125 89 110 110
114 114 101 117 124 103 120 83 121 98
105 123 116 108 111 168 158 107 140 115
107 127 105 111 149 152 120 114 125 133
115 131 114 124 122 95 109 119 120 128
95 97 143 135 110 99 99 112 119 196
128 116 148 113 117 111 161 105 108 141
102 99 114 106 107 109 102 130 161 118
138 105 114 158 114 105 141 148 111 104
101 112 106 105 103 128 102 121 99 89
129 115 106 110 106 136 107 109 154 160
109 109 116 217 122 111 95 140 102 137
120 133 106 118 105 92 129 127 114 108
104 158 126 98 107 131 98 109 138 120
124 121 113 118 105 101 104 115 106 100
128 112 135 92 131 119 112 96 144 128
109 90 142 114 101 132 123 97 193 130
114 118 115 136 107 102 132 124 124 119
97 138 102 95 113 153 116 89 166 101
86 103 103 116 124 150 117 113 100 106
134 114 112 105 133 133 134 111 113 113
102 124 114 109 120 123 114 119 96 116
103 120 100 112 100 112 104 104 138 108
138 113 107 136 163 129 124 116 109 101
112 160 111 112 129 117 105 94 136 97
113 113 129 113 137 105 100 160 110 128
132 158 141 196 97 121 152 119 120 99
112 101 136 121 123 160 105 142 160 104
96 133 113 86 123 112 145 146 132 156
102 117 100 114 142 153 101 108 117 103
100 121 112 137 102 113 109 101 121 105
105 122 116 91 158 107 112 124 108 108

Men's data:

Sample #11 Sample #12 Sample #13 Sample #14 Sample #15 Sample #16 Sample #17 Sample #18 Sample #19 Sample #20
99 126 106 113 139 146 114 123 153 111
115 148 139 121 109 130 158 120 115 121
114 119 122 119 105 100 132 114 119 127
119 123 119 108 111 138 128 105 136 137
144 154 115 108 121 131 120 122 146 158
130 111 121 174 120 126 120 122 131 113
105 130 112 132 116 98 110 145 105 131
128 118 119 105 122 125 111 115 107 111
117 134 103 104 141 126 121 167 126 111
118 107 114 114 153 121 139 125 116 129
115 109 125 131 103 123 118 118 122 123
144 136 134 119 113 100 107 111 129 121
165 104 121 149 134 120 122 171 143 141
118 120 130 119 119 130 130 108 138 111
116 124 117 113 137 122 114 136 129 147
110 120 102 108 130 107 128 128 131 122
119 110 108 117 132 122 111 120 93 137
116 112 120 118 143 136 111 133 108 123
114 152 126 100 125 113 121 130 129 122
118 120 115 107 111 106 123 122 99 136
124 118 120 111 135 136 110 109 110 115
149 122 109 124 131 102 125 124 120 129
113 147 127 130 130 113 126 103 115 140
112 160 124 102 108 118 123 111 142 119
135 102 119 109 159 91 110 113 116 98
141 125 121 119 118 131 99 111 112 109
145 120 123 125 132 159 114 95 136 119
130 126 119 140 171 180 159 145 112 139
134 121 127 107 93 120 116 109 96 142
126 119 125 121 125 115 109 119 114 117
120 112 113 128 106 130 141 102 156 114
116 140 128 125 112 126 137 113 114 114
113 116 130 118 111 107 121 139 108 120
122 129 121 191 118 138 113 101 129 148
141 110 103 123 119 142 128 127 105 114
124 137 139 145 100 138 126 137 101 88
159 106 119 138 118 120 133 161 137 93
133 141 114 111 95 116 146 125 111 126
120 113 165 105 112 122 107 105 122 113
121 119 121 130 139 112 115 160 126 147
125 116 109 98 125 135 137 149 116 103
122 119 111 111 117 128 107 103 102 135
118 137 129 133 107 121 111 112 150 110
131 118 122 108 141 139 88 116 132 137
130 137 121 142 130 119 108 115 114 113
96 114 125 137 109 156 129 123 112 134
129 124 128 112 112 109 127 115 129 120
114 133 138 135 124 141 125 130 120 109
124 122 134 120 114 109 153 125 141 149
125 164 151 129 112 110 113 132 104 107
126 179 131 102 134 98 119 110 131 111
146 113 131 122 120 126 104 120 119 125
139 96 116 124 114 100 125 111 110 130
110 116 132 140 132 125 121 138 126 120
143 112 116 118 112 133 116 107 126 147
138 122 101 129 122 154 193 118 122 126
132 124 129 123 125 160 119 142 113 119
100 116 117 148 121 118 130 126 111 121
102 120 128 153 126 110 132 103 161 118
134 119 95 131 124 105 143 108 118 117

Natural order Randomized order
First dataset (women's systolic BP in mmHg) Second dataset (men's systolic BP in mmHg) First dataset (women's systolic BP in mmHg) Second dataset (men's systolic BP in mmHg)
Sample #1 Sample #11 Sample #7 Sample #17
Sample #2 Sample #11 Sample #2 Sample #11
Sample #3 Sample #11 Sample #2 Sample #20
Sample #4 Sample #11 Sample #8 Sample #15
Sample #5 Sample #11 Sample #5 Sample #19
Sample #6 Sample #11 Sample #2 Sample #15
Sample #7 Sample #11 Sample #2 Sample #19
Sample #8 Sample #11 Sample #7 Sample #18
Sample #9 Sample #11 Sample #7 Sample #20
Sample #10 Sample #11 Sample #7 Sample #19
Sample #1 Sample #12 Sample #4 Sample #12
Sample #2 Sample #12 Sample #8 Sample #17
Sample #3 Sample #12 Sample #8 Sample #13
Sample #4 Sample #12 Sample #6 Sample #18
Sample #5 Sample #12 Sample #4 Sample #20
Sample #6 Sample #12 Sample #4 Sample #15
Sample #7 Sample #12 Sample #1 Sample #12
Sample #8 Sample #12 Sample #6 Sample #17
Sample #9 Sample #12 Sample #10 Sample #12
Sample #10 Sample #12 Sample #3 Sample #14
Sample #1 Sample #13 Sample #10 Sample #16
Sample #2 Sample #13 Sample #10 Sample #17
Sample #3 Sample #13 Sample #6 Sample #12
Sample #4 Sample #13 Sample #6 Sample #16
Sample #5 Sample #13 Sample #1 Sample #19
Sample #6 Sample #13 Sample #1 Sample #13
Sample #7 Sample #13 Sample #4 Sample #19
Sample #8 Sample #13 Sample #9 Sample #11
Sample #9 Sample #13 Sample #9 Sample #17
Sample #10 Sample #13 Sample #6 Sample #20
Sample #1 Sample #14 Sample #10 Sample #19
Sample #2 Sample #14 Sample #3 Sample #15
Sample #3 Sample #14 Sample #2 Sample #13
Sample #4 Sample #14 Sample #6 Sample #19
Sample #5 Sample #14 Sample #2 Sample #14
Sample #6 Sample #14 Sample #8 Sample #20
Sample #7 Sample #14 Sample #6 Sample #15
Sample #8 Sample #14 Sample #1 Sample #15
Sample #9 Sample #14 Sample #1 Sample #14
Sample #10 Sample #14 Sample #1 Sample #17
Sample #1 Sample #15 Sample #2 Sample #18
Sample #2 Sample #15 Sample #7 Sample #15
Sample #3 Sample #15 Sample #4 Sample #13
Sample #4 Sample #15 Sample #10 Sample #11
Sample #5 Sample #15 Sample #8 Sample #19
Sample #6 Sample #15 Sample #3 Sample #13
Sample #7 Sample #15 Sample #9 Sample #20
Sample #8 Sample #15 Sample #5 Sample #16
Sample #9 Sample #15 Sample #1 Sample #11
Sample #10 Sample #15 Sample #1 Sample #16
Sample #1 Sample #16 Sample #8 Sample #18
Sample #2 Sample #16 Sample #4 Sample #18
Sample #3 Sample #16 Sample #4 Sample #11
Sample #4 Sample #16 Sample #5 Sample #14
Sample #5 Sample #16 Sample #9 Sample #15
Sample #6 Sample #16 Sample #3 Sample #11
Sample #7 Sample #16 Sample #2 Sample #16
Sample #8 Sample #16 Sample #5 Sample #11
Sample #9 Sample #16 Sample #9 Sample #12
Sample #10 Sample #16 Sample #10 Sample #13
Sample #1 Sample #17 Sample #8 Sample #16
Sample #2 Sample #17 Sample #5 Sample #20
Sample #3 Sample #17 Sample #3 Sample #17
Sample #4 Sample #17 Sample #10 Sample #20
Sample #5 Sample #17 Sample #9 Sample #16
Sample #6 Sample #17 Sample #5 Sample #12
Sample #7 Sample #17 Sample #10 Sample #15
Sample #8 Sample #17 Sample #4 Sample #14
Sample #9 Sample #17 Sample #8 Sample #14
Sample #10 Sample #17 Sample #7 Sample #12
Sample #1 Sample #18 Sample #6 Sample #11
Sample #2 Sample #18 Sample #10 Sample #14
Sample #3 Sample #18 Sample #7 Sample #16
Sample #4 Sample #18 Sample #8 Sample #11
Sample #5 Sample #18 Sample #2 Sample #17
Sample #6 Sample #18 Sample #3 Sample #19
Sample #7 Sample #18 Sample #7 Sample #14
Sample #8 Sample #18 Sample #5 Sample #17
Sample #9 Sample #18 Sample #1 Sample #20
Sample #10 Sample #18 Sample #9 Sample #19
Sample #1 Sample #19 Sample #3 Sample #12
Sample #2 Sample #19 Sample #9 Sample #13
Sample #3 Sample #19 Sample #1 Sample #18
Sample #4 Sample #19 Sample #6 Sample #13
Sample #5 Sample #19 Sample #6 Sample #14
Sample #6 Sample #19 Sample #9 Sample #14
Sample #7 Sample #19 Sample #5 Sample #18
Sample #8 Sample #19 Sample #5 Sample #15
Sample #9 Sample #19 Sample #4 Sample #17
Sample #10 Sample #19 Sample #7 Sample #13
Sample #1 Sample #20 Sample #4 Sample #16
Sample #2 Sample #20 Sample #3 Sample #20
Sample #3 Sample #20 Sample #3 Sample #16
Sample #4 Sample #20 Sample #9 Sample #18
Sample #5 Sample #20 Sample #2 Sample #12
Sample #6 Sample #20 Sample #7 Sample #11
Sample #7 Sample #20 Sample #8 Sample #12
Sample #8 Sample #20 Sample #10 Sample #18
Sample #9 Sample #20 Sample #3 Sample #18
Sample #10 Sample #20 Sample #5 Sample #13

For Questions 1 and 2, you will review the quantitative datasets that you were assigned.

  • Referring to the data provided to you by your instructor:

  • The data you were assigned are a subset of the data collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2012. Here is a link to a website that explains how the data were collected. Do you believe these datasets are representative of the population? Give your answer and support it in sentences.

  • Use technology to answer the following questions. (Hint: Consider using the Describing and Exploring Quantitative Variables ShinyApphttps://dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io/EDA_quantitative/)

  • Provide a screen clip of the Descriptive Statistics for both of your datasets. Be sure to adjust the group names/labels so they describe your data.

  • Provide screen clips of the side-by-side boxplots AND side-by-side histograms. Label each graph to show which is which.

  • In sentences, describe in detail the distribution of each dataset. (Hint: Refer to In-Class Activity 3D for the four main characteristics we use to describe distributions.)

For Questions 3 through 6, you will set up, calculate, and analyze inferential statistics (confidence interval and hypothesis test) for the two datasets you were assigned.

  • Are your two datasets independent or dependent? Give your answer and support it in a couple sentences.

  • Use technology to construct and interpret the 95% confidence interval. (Hint: Consider using the Compare Two Population Means ShinyApphttps://dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io/2sample_mean/)

  • What point estimate can we use to construct a confidence interval for the difference between the two assigned data sets? Include appropriate units.

  • What is the margin of error? Include appropriate units.

  • What is the 95% confidence interval? Use interval notation.

  • In a couple sentences, interpret the confidence interval in context of the application, using appropriate units.

  • Develop a hypothesis about your population means.

  • Make a sentence describing your developed hypothesis about the two population means.(Example: I hypothesize that the mean household income in 2020 was higher than the mean household income in 2016.)

  • Explain what the symbols and OR represent in context.

  • the null hypothesis in symbols.

  • the alternative hypothesis in symbols.

  • Is your hypothesis test one-tailed or two-tailed?

  • Conduct the hypothesis test at a level of significance 5%, . (Hint: Consider using the Compare Two Population Means ShinyApp https://dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io/2sample_mean/)

  • What is the test statistic?

  • What is the p-value?

  • What is the conclusion about the null hypothesis?

  • In a couple sentences, make a conclusion of the hypothesis test in context of the application, using correct units.

For Question 7, make a Final Report that summarizes and builds upon all the work from Questions 1 through 6.

  • Make a Final Report for this project. This is a cohesive report, not a series of responses to questions. Use the following guidelines to structure the report:

  • Introduction: Set the stage for the report by providing an overview of the two assigned datasets. Include a summary of the analysis from Questions 1 & 2.
  • Confidence Interval Results: Summarize the results from the research and discuss the findings of your confidence interval. Incorporate the findings from Question 4.
  • Hypothesis Test Results: Discuss the procedure, results, and conclusion of the hypothesis test. Incorporate the findings from Questions 5 & 6.
  • Conclusion: Based on the project results, do you believe there is a significant difference between men's and women's systolic blood pressures? Reflect on the results of the data analysis, confidence interval, and hypothesis test. Comment on the alignment between the confidence interval and hypothesis test results. Discuss any results that were surprising, interesting, or confirmed your expectations. Include at least one good statistical question related to your research you would like to investigate further. Include reflections about the project that would add insight.

Questions 8 and 9 give you the opportunity to use statistics to explore your own interests.

  • Make a good statistical question about a topic that interests you, personally or professionally, that would require a study of two means for quantitative data.

  • Design a method for collecting sample data that would answer the statistical question from Question #8.
  • Explain how you would acquire the data. Be specific.

  • Explain why your data collection method would be an observational study or an experiment.

  • Would your two datasets be independent or dependent? Give your answer and support it in sentences.

Thank you if you even come across this question and attempt to help:)

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