Issues of antitrust and the application of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act have long been an issue in professional sports. Organizations like MLB and the NFL wield incredible power over their sports and the teams that make up the organization. They exert strict control over the teams and players - seemingly in violation of these antitrust laws.

However, courts have allowed certain exemptions to these antitrust laws. One such decision,Mackey v. NFL, 543 F.2d 606 (8^thCir. 1976), is discussed in detail in your text. For this question:

1. Explain what was at issue inMackey.
2. How did the court rule on that issue?
3. Explain the three-prong test theMackeycourt sets forth for establishing an exemption from antitrust laws.
   1. Be sure you identify the three prongs and explain what they mean.