Item $4$

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Precedent is also described as "the unique knowledge embedded in a known design" $($Oxman$,1994,$ p$.146),$ meaning, in everyday terms, that the memory of having experienced an existing design is a memory that contains special forms of knowledge... At heart, the design case is a description of a real artifact or experience that has been intentionally designed. A case may be as minimal as an individual image of a commercial product, a building, an advertisement, a classroom or anything else designed; these forms of design cases appear in hundreds of magazines, design annuals, competition catalogs, display books, web portfolios and similar venues.

Student Version

According to Boling $(2010,$ p$.2),"$At heart, the design case is a description of a real artifact or experience that has been intentionally designed." She explains that the primary goal of a design case is to provide designers with precedent$--$defined by Oxman as "the unique knowledge embedded in a known design" $($as quoted in Boling, $2010,$ p$.$

$.$ She further explains that expert designers are aware of numerous precedents which may be helpful in future designs. For example, educational game designers can view unique cases of game designs as precedents, which, in turn, may facilitate design of new games.

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