Jack, a geologist, had been debating for years whether or not to venture out on his own and operate his own business. He had developed a lot of solid relationships with clients, and he believed that many of them would follow him if he were to leave his current employer. As part of a New Year's resolution, Jack decided he would finally do it$.$ Jack put his business plan together, and on January $1$ of this year, Jack opened his doors for business as a C corporation called Geo$-$Jack $($GJ$).$ Jack is the sole shareholder. Jack reported the following financial information for the year $($assume GJ reports on a calendar year, uses the accrual method of accounting, and elects to account for inventory$).$

In January, GJ rented a small business office about $12$ miles from Jack's home. GJ paid $$10,300,$ which represented a damage deposit of $$4,120$ and rent for two years $($$$3,090$ annually$).$

GJ earned and collected $$295,000$ performing geological$-$related services and selling its specialized digging tool.

GJ received $$55$ interest from municipal bonds and $$2,110$ interest from other investments.

GJ purchased some new equipment in February for $$43,000.$ It claimed depreciation on these assets during the year in the amount of $$6,615.$

GJ paid $$7,050$ to buy luxury season tickets for Jack's parents for State University football games.

GJ paid Jack's father $$10,200$ for services that would have cost no more than $$6,120$ if Jack had hired any other local business to perform the services. While Jack's dad was competent, he does not command such a premium from his other clients.

In an attempt to get his name and new business recognized, GJ paid $$7,050$ for a one$-$page ad in the Geologic Survey. It also paid $$15,100$ in radio ads to be run through the end of December.

GJ leased additional office space in a building downtown. GJ paid rent of $$27,250$ for the year.

In November, Jack's office was broken into and equipment valued at $$5,050$ was stolen. The tax basis of the equipment was $$5,550.$ Jack received $$2,020$ of insurance proceeds from the theft.

GJ incurred a $$4,025$ fine from the state government for digging in an unauthorized digging zone.

GJ contributed $$3,020$ to lobbyists for their help in persuading the state government to authorize certain unauthorized digging zones.

On July $1,$ GJ paid $$1,800$ for an $18-$month insurance policy for its business equipment. The policy covers the period July $1$ of this year through December $31$ of next year.

GJ borrowed $$20,000$ to help with the company's initial funding needs. GJ used $$2,000$ of funds to invest in municipal bonds. At the end of the year, GJ paid the $$1,200$ of interest expense that accrued on the loan during the year.

Jack lives $12$ miles from the office. He carefully tracked his mileage and drove his truck $6,280$ miles between the office and his home. He also drove an additional $7,200$ miles traveling between the office and client sites. Jack did not use the truck for any other purposes. He did not keep track of the specific expenses associated with the truck. However, while traveling to a client site, Jack received a $$155$ speeding ticket. GJ reimbursed Jack for business mileage and for the speeding ticket.

GJ purchased two season tickets $(20$ games$)$ to attend State University baseball games for a total of $$1,120.$ Jack took existing and prospective clients to the games to maintain contact and find further work. This was very successful for Jack as GJ gained many new projects through substantial discussions with the clients following the games.

GJ paid $$3,520$ for meals when sales employees met with prospective clients.

GJ had a client who needed Jack to perform work in Florida. Because Jack had never been to Florida before, he booked an extra day and night for sightseeing. Jack spent $$410$ for airfare and booked a hotel for three nights $($$$125$ per night$).($Jack stayed two days for business purposes and one day for personal purposes.$)$ He also rented a car for $$50$ per day. The client provided Jack's meals while Jack was doing business, but GJ paid all expenses.

GJ paid a total of $$11,000$ of wages to employees during the year, and cost of goods sold was $$16,000.$

Required:

What is GJ$\text{'}$s net business income for tax purposes for the year?

As a C corporation, does GJ have a required tax year? If so$,$ what would it be$?$

If GJ were a sole proprietorship, would it have a required tax year$-$end? If so$,$ what would it be$?$

If GJ were an S corporation, would it have a required tax year$-$end? If so$,$ what would it be$?$