Jane Cummings has been deaf since birth and is legally blind. In 2016, she contacted Premier Rehab Keller to treat her chronic back pain and requested that Premier provide an ASL (American Sign Language) interpreter. Premier refused and told her she could communicate with her therapist using written notes, lipreading, gesturing, or provide her own ASL interpreter. Cummings ultimately went to another physical therapy provider but found the alternate provider "unsatisfactory."

Cummings sued Premier for disability discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, and the Texas Human Resources Code 121.003. In her complaint, she sought injunctive relief and damages. The district court granted Premier's motion to dismiss, finding that "[t]he only compensable injuries that Cummings alleged Premier caused were 'humiliation, frustration, and emotional distress,'" and emotional distress damages are unavailable under the statutes Cummings relied on. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed.

Do the compensatory damages available under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the statutes that incorporate its remedies for victims of discrimination, such as the Rehabilitation Act and the Affordable Care Act, include compensation for emotional distress? If yes, what would be fair compensatory damage? If not, does the victim deserve compensatory damages for emotional distress, and what is comparable compensatory damage in this case?