Jarett & Sons's common stock currently trades at $23.00 a share. It is expected to pay an annual dividend of $2.25 a share at the end of the year (D₁ = $2.25), and the constant growth rate is 8% a year.

1. What is the company's cost of common equity if all of its equity comes from retained earnings? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

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2. If the company issued new stock, it would incur a 10% flotation cost. What would be the cost of equity from new stock? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

The firm's target capital structure is the mix of debt, preferred stock, and common equity the firm plans to raise funds for its future projects. The target proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity, along with the cost of these components, are used to calculate the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC). If the firm will not have to issue new common stock, then the cost of retained earnings is used in the firm's WACC calculation. However, if the firm will have to issue new common stock, the cost of new common stock should be used in the firm's WACC calculation.

Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects that its target capital structure for raising funds in the future for its capital budget will consist of 40% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 55% common equity. Note that the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%. Assume that the firm's cost of debt, r_d, is 10.2%, the firm's cost of preferred stock, r_p, is 9.4% and the firm's cost of equity is 12.8% for old equity, r_s, and 13.2% for new equity, r_e. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC₁) if it uses retained earnings as its source of common equity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

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What is the firms weighted average cost of capital (WACC₂) if it has to issue new common stock? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.