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JCPenney operates a chain of retail department stores, selling apparel, shoes, jewelry, and home furnishings. It also offers most of its products through catalog distribution.

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JCPenney operates a chain of retail department stores, selling apparel, shoes, jewelry, and home furnishings. It also offers most of its products through catalog distribution. During fiscal Year 5. it sold Eckerd Drugs, a chain of retail drugstores, and used the cash proceeds, in part, to repurchase shares of its common stock. The table below presents selected data for JCPenney for fiscal Year 3. Year 4, and Year 5; amounts are in millions of dollars. Year 5 $18,424 524 Sales Net Income (Loss) Interest Expense Preferred Stock Dividend Income Tax Rate Year Ended January 31, Year 4 Year 3 $17,786 $17,633 (928) 405 271 245 25 27 35% 35% 279 12 35% January 31: Total Assets Preferred Stock Total Common Shareholders Equity Year 5 $14,127 0 4,856 Year 4 Year 3 $18,300 $17,787 304 333 5:121 6,037 Year 2 $18.048 363 5.766 a Calculate the rate of ROA for fiscal Year 3. Year 4 and Year 5. Disaggregate ROA into the profit margin for ROA and total assets turnover components. The income tax rate is 35% 6. Calculate the rate of ROCE for fiscal Year 3. Year 4 and Year 5. Disaggregate ROCE into the profit margin for ROCE, assets turnover, and capital structure leverage components. c. Suggest reasons for the changes in ROCE over the three years. d. Compute the ratio of ROCE to ROA for each year, e. Calculate the amount of net income available to common stockholders derived from the use of financial leverage with respect to creditors' capital, the amount derived from the use of preferred shareholders capital, and the amount derived from common shareholders' capital for each year. f Did financial leverage work to the advantage of the common shareholders in each of the three years? Explain

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