JD says that a utilitarian defense of the economic model can be challenged in at least two ways. One way involves critically looking at how adequate the model is in meeting its ends. The other way involves critically looking at $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

a$.$

the methods the model uses in achieving its ends

b$.$

the way the model regulates itself

c$.$

background assumptions behind the model

d$.$

the broader cultural context within which the model was developed

e$.$

the ends themselves