Joe, a paramedic, is a very self-directed person and does not need step-by-step instructions in his work. According to the idea of situational strength, if Joe's supervisor gives him detailed instructions on how to bandage a broken finger, Joe will perceive this as

a. his manager not having faith in his abilities

b. his manager not having enough to do with her own time

c. his manager using good quality control

d. his manager being neurotic and narcissistic

e. his manager being concerned for his well being