John Richardson is the manufacturing production supervisor for Baird Tool Works, a company that manufactures hand tools for mechanics. Trying to explain why he did not get the year-end bonus that he had expected, he told his wife, This is the dumbest place I've ever worked. Last year the company set up this budget assuming it would sell 250,400 units. Well, it sold only 240,400. The company lost money and gave me a bonus for not using as much materials and labor as was called for in the budget. This year, the company has the same 250,400 units goal and it sells 260,400. The companys making all kinds of money. Youd think Id get this big fat bonus. Instead, management tells me I used more materials and labor than was budgeted. They said the company would have made a lot more money if Id stayed within my budget. I guess I gotta wait for another bad year before I get a bonus. Like I said, this is the dumbest place I've ever worked.

Bairds master budget and the actual results for the most recent year of operating activity follow.

	Master Budget				Actual Results				Variances			F or U
Number of units	250,400				260,400				10,000
Sales revenue	$	3,756,000			$	4,010,160			$	254,160		F
Variable manufacturing costs
Materials		(600,960	)			(622,960	)			22,000		U
Labor		(313,000	)			(321,500	)			8,500		U
Overhead		(338,040	)			(355,240	)			17,200		U
Variable selling, general and administrative costs		(475,760	)			(501,760	)			26,000		U
Contribution margin		2,028,240				2,208,700				180,460		F
Fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead		(1,277,040	)			(1,275,040	)			2,000		F
Selling, general and administrative costs		(470,752	)			(461,452	)			9,300		U
Net income	$	280,448			$	472,208			$	191,760		F

Required

c. Prepare a flexible budget and recompute the budget variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)