Jurisdiction is defined as: 

• the authority of a court to hear and determine disputes.
• the unlimited authority of the court.
• the process by which legal cases are decided.
• the power an individual appointed within an organization possesses to settle disputes. 

Adia filed a case against Chang in the court at Ohio. However, Chang had never visited Ohio and had no personal ties with anyone in Ohio. Chang could successfully argue that the court: 

• lacked personal jurisdiction.
• was in proximity to the place where Chang resides.
• was limited by subject matter jurisdiction.
• did not have judges that would understand the language spoken by him