Justin's parents have booked a family trip to Aspen, Colorado, during his spring break. They have agreed to pay for everything except his plane ticket. Justin's friends recently decided to drive to Destin, Florida, for spring break. Justin must now decide whether to join his parents in Aspen or drive to the beach with his friends.

The opportunity costs of joining his parents in Aspen include each of these EXCEPT:

a$)$ the nonrefundable deposit his friends paid for the beach house:in Destin.

b$)$ the stress of traveling via plane and navigating airports.

c$)$ the cost of his plane ticket to Aspen.

d$)$ memories he will miss with his friends.