Kadivar mentions that early reactions to modernity tended to be at extremes. He says neither extreme worked well. What were these extremes?

Select one or more:

a.

Some viewed modernity as satanic and believed they should shut their country's gates to the evil modern world. Others believed the modern world was the way to prosperity and accepted the modern world and made religion only a private thing.

b.

Some voted Republican, while others voted Democrat. This left most people feeling lost and isolated from all hope.

c.

The appearance changed in the flow of the essence of progress. Extreme private concerns unfolded confrontation as the way to prosperity.

d.

A slab of stone and a limpid flowing river.