Kadivar's article discusses three approaches modern scholars in Islam take as they seek to understand Islam in this modern world. The first is the Constant and Variable perspective. What is the constant and variable perspective?

Select one or more:

a.

In the scientific method, one should control for the variables by maintaining a constant set of conditions within which to test a particular variable. Everybody knows that.

b.

This article has more than one page. No college student should ever be expected to read more than one page. I am too tired- so just give me my "A"

c.

Constant commandments are immutable, eternal, unchanging. They are revealed by God. Variable commandment are given by people, and those variable commandments are under the influence of the time and culture when the people gave them.

d.

Constant commandments are consistently coherent, while variable commandments are limited and known in communities which may be dispersed across the world. The constant is what should receive comment.