Kadivar's position, Islam as an end in itself, says that some laws were given in the age of revelation that fit at that time and place. However, these variable commandments are not permanent. Instead these variable commandments are seen as what?

Select one or more:

a.

laws posited by public wisdom, and they are not to be attributed to religion.

b.

Laws that are given through divine fiat, and the should form the outskirts of religion

c.

laws in the misdemeanor category, as proposed by the judiciary

d.

available to all through meditation and circumspection