Katherine Schipper, former FASB board member, and other academics that study earnings management (Select all that apply):

A) Have a parochial view of earnings management.

B) Have written that earnings management is by definition inappropriate.

C) Would have a difficult time running a public company and interacting with analysts who follow their stock given their view that managing earnings is “cooking the books.”

D) Have been appropriately chastised by Thomas E. McKee, who has stated that academics should propagate a more positive definition of earnings management that portrays corporate managers’ motives in a more positive light rather than the negative views they currently propagate about earnings management.