Key Task: Turn in your analyses supporting your recommendation through Safe Assignment to: What specifically should Greg James do in the short- and long-term? ~ Process: Read carefully (& at least twice). Address the following preparation questions: How well has James managed his global team?~ Who is responsible for the HS holding crisis?~ 2002 What role did the "open work" environment play on this case?- What role did diversity play on this team? ~Managing a Global Team: Greg James at Sun Microsystems, Inc. (A) Greg James, a global manager at Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun), slumped on the edge of his bed in the company's corporate flat in Paris. He struggled to even move after only three hours of sleep. His mind kept replaying the events that had launched him into the whirlwind trip across the world. Six days earlier, he was sitting at Sun's headquarters in Santa Clara, California when he opened a string of e-mails forwarded to him by his teammates. A crisis had erupted on his customer implementation team. It was the second time that the team had failed to respond promptly to a customer's system outage. The lapses were in direct violation of a service contract agreement. So with only a few hours' notice, he had set out from California to meet with each of the team's 45 members spread across India, France, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the United States (US). France was the last leg. James had begun this trip assuming he would find a swift resolution to the rapidly escalating customer situation. Unfortunately, that had not been the case. James knew that if he could just make it to the gym, exercise would invigorate him and clear his head: "Five more minutes and then I'll go." Twenty minutes later, still in his room, he grabbed his laptop and launched his e-mail. Re: HS Holdings James scanned his inbox, reliving the events that had plunged him into this predicament. The messages showed Rahul Ashok, service manager for the Mumbai team, discussing the source of the breakdown with another Mumbai team member, Praveen Devilal. Santa Clara team members Nick Elliott and Robert Chan were part of the back-and-forth as well: To: Greg James (Global Manager, Santa Clara) Fw: FYI in re: HS Holdings Date: Mon, 26 May 2008 06:58:40 PST From: Robert Chan (Sales Account Manager, Santa Clara Team): V. Urgent To: Rahul Ashok (Customer Service Manager, Mumbai Team)Rahul, We have a major problem with HS Holdings. Their server went down on Sunday at 23:30 PST, and TIC [Technology Integration Company], their tech support group, called us for help. The issue was at a critical level because their entire system was down for two hours. This was a disaster for their online banking business. They're now struggling to respond to their customers who are furious. They have a 24x7 Sun software premium-a $300K service-annual contract, but NOBODY engaged them. They're outraged. They've escalated the matter to Sun's higher management and are threatening a lawsuit because we violated their service contract. We need to find out what happened and respond to their complaints immediately. I've also left you a voicemail and a txt message about this. Help! Robert Date: Mon, 26 May 2008 19:51:44 IST From: Rahul Ashok (Customer Service Manager, Mumbai Team): V. Urgent To: Nick Elliott (Application Support Engineer, Santa Clara Team); Chan, Robert Re: HS Holdings Nick, Re: HS Holdings, we have paged the US team three times and left numerous voicemails for the past several hours. We haven't been able to get a hold of the customer either. Pls investigate why the US didn't provide any assistance on Sunday. They should be on call to handle critical issues. We need to revert to the customer and our senior management with an explanation ASAP. Customer threatening lawsuit. Rahul Date: Mon, 26 May 2008 11:30:24 PST From: Nick Elliott (Application Support Engineer, Santa Clara Team): V. Urgent To: Rahul Ashok (Customer Service Manager, Mumbai Team); Chan, Robert Re: HS Holdings I checked the system and it shows that HS Holdings' situation was logged in 12 hours ago in the wrong queue for resolution. We did not receive any pages about their system outage because it was in the wrong queue! (It looks like it was the queue that is used to hold issues pending support service account number verifications. The question is who programmed this queuing error? Jamal in Dubai? Praveen in Mumbai?) Nick Date: Tues, 27 May 2008 11:36:16 IST From: Rahul Ashok (Customer Service Manager, Mumbai Team) To: Praveen Devilal (Support Engineer, Mumbai Team); Elliott, Nick; Chan, RobertManaging a Global Team: Greg James at Sun Microsystems, Inc. (A) 409-003 Re: HS Holdings Praveen, no page was received by the US support team. I am trying to understand where the ball was dropped. I understand that US and Mumbai folks have exchanged messages. Robert, the engineers have restarted the server. But we need to talk to the customer for confirmation that related networks are not affected. We're all on the conference bridge, but the customer has not called in. We left a couple of voicemails at his ext. (45890) to join the conference call. We need him on the line... Thanks, Rahul At the end of the thread was a message from Global Vice President Stephen Spurlock: Date: Tues, 27 May 2008 08:33:12 PST From: Stephen Spurlock (Global Vice President, Santa Clara): V. Urgent To: Greg James (Global Manager, Santa Clara) Re: HS Holdings: Lawsuit?!? Greg, Just got a call from HS Holdings' attorneys. They said that their server went down for two hours. Cost them thousands in lost revenue. They are asking us to pay for that loss ...and they want the $300K service contract money returned to them. Said it was the second time this has happened. I talked to Rahul, and he alluded to problems with your team... Did you know about this? What the hell is going on? SS Before James left the office, he asked his team in India to address the technical failure at HS Holdings. He then booked his tickets to India, the UAE, and France to investigate and resolve the issues. James' Journey Though the HS Holdings' system was up and running, the face-to-face meetings with his team had uncovered deeper interpersonal issues. James decided to seek counsel from Pam Lawry, Sun's Global Markets vice president (VP) and a longtime colleague. He picked up his cell phone and sent her a text message: "Can u video chat? I really need 2 talk to u." A few moments later, his cell phone buzzed. He quickly read her response, "B on in 30 mins." James tried to gather his thoughts. He had first joined Sun with high aspirations. When the company launched the Open Work program that allowed people to work from anywhere, anytime, and anyplace, James had felt as if he were part of the most cutting-edge company in the world. His manager described him as "one of the best hires that I have ever had work for me." But where his distributed team had once been a source of inspiration, now it was a struggle that could derail his career. His ruminations were interrupted when Lawry's video call screen popped up. "Hi, Pam.""What's going on? Where are you?" Lawry asked with urgency in her voice. "I'm in Paris." James quickly explained his conversation with Spurlock and the HS Holdings incident. "I spoke with Nick Elliott, who's the primary contact for the account. He worked closely with HS Holdings and TIC, their system integration contractor, to customize our software products for their online banking system (see Exhibit 1). I wanted to know why Nick wasn't the first to respond. Nick was mad and explained that no one called him. Even though his cell phone was off, all the engineers have his home number for emergencies. He didn't learn about the problem until the next day. I also spoke with Robert Chan who said that he didn't know about the problem until he checked his e-mail on Monday morning. Both Robert and Nick think that Mumbai dropped the ball. They should have gotten in touch with Nick or resolved the outage themselves." "So did Mumbai drop the ball? Why didn't they call Nick?" Lawry asked. James explained, "When I was in Mumbai, I talked to Rahul Ashok about it. He said that as soon as Praveen Devilal got the call, he paged the on-call, after-hours US manager three times. In his rush to reach the on-call manager, Praveen used the weekday contact protocol instead of the weekend protocol. He forgot that it was still the weekend in California." "Do you need to make your protocol procedures more error proof?" Lawry asked. "Well, it's not just a protocol problem," James said. He thought about the long and revealing conversation he had had with Devilal. "I asked Praveen why he hadn't tracked down Nick directly. He said that in the past he'd felt insulted by Nick. It appears Nick was overheard saying that the Indian team wasn't competent." "Really?" Lawry asked. James took a deep breath before responding: "Yes, the issues are more complex than I realized. So instead of calling Nick's home number, Praveen tried to fix the problem with the help of his colleagues in India. He tried numerous times to access the information about the client, but it wasn't in their support queue where all the client requests for help are stored. To make matters worse, the phone number that we had for HS Holdings was disconnected. Praveen and Rahul insisted that the HS Holdings crisis was caused by a queue that was poorly programmed and did not notify the appropriate people in time. And Rahul's team had nothing to do with that queue. Jamal, an engineer in Dubai, programmed it." James continued: "There had been some miscommunication between the US, India, and the UAE about what the queue should do. The US wanted to streamline the way that missing account numbers were assigned to projects. They asked Rahul to get someone on his team to program it, but it ended up being done in Dubai. Jamal said his assignment was to create a queue for accounts with missing contract numbers. So the queue he created sends an e- mail to Robert in Santa Clara to fill in the missing contract number. According to Jamal, this queue was not supposed to be used for emergency requests. The Mumbai team is responsible for programming anything that has to do with customer emergencies." "Why didn't anyone check the queue before it went live?" Lawry asked.Ahmed Nazr, the manager for the Dubai team, had a second programmer check Jamal's work, and he didn't find any problems with it. But they were both working from the wrong instructions. The queue should've been connected to the support queue that everyone checks regularly, and it should have also sent an automatic page to the managers on call," said James. "Greg, your team members are all acting like they're on separate teams. . . . But, I still don't get the wrong client phone number part in all of this." Lawry said. "Seems like our contact person at HS Holdings moved departments a few months ago. Nick should have updated the contact number on file, but he figured that anyone who needed to get in touch with them would go through him." "What a mess! What was Elisabeth Fournier's role in this? Paris is the Customer Advocate for European accounts, right?" Lawry asked. "I spoke with Elisabeth, and she did receive a call from HS Holdings manager, Michael Thoene, an hour after their server crashed. As you can imagine, Michael was very upset. Elisabeth immediately called Nick and me, but neither of us answered. She then contacted Praveen, who returned Michael's call, but by then Michael was out of the office. Elisabeth had been dealing with angry HS Holdings managers all week, and she was upset that no one in the US had answered her calls on Monday. She said that the Santa Clara team was always the hardest to reach and the slowest to respond." James and Lawry spoke for some time before ending the call. Lawry's parting phrases ran like a ticker tape through James' mind: "Build consensus, everyone fully engaged, keep it simple, manage disparate voices." He was feeling the heat from every corner of the organization across the world. Greg James Greg James's early career had been promising. He earned a bachelor of science in computer engineering from Stanford University, where he was regarded as a star engineer among the technical elites. His computer science professor described James as possessing "an uncanny knack" for solving complex technical problems. He was sought by preeminent Silicon Valley technology companies, including Sun, which he chose after extensive research. James opined: Sun was perfect for me because it represented a combination of opportunities that I felt I just couldn't find anywhere else. I had the chance to help define the cutting edge of technological innovation. At the same time, Sun had the stability of a fairly established technology company where I could grow and develop professionally. It felt like it was the best of both worlds. Within four years, he had risen through development projects to managing a team and budget in the Data Protection and Recovery Department. His team consistently generated work that received rave reviews from customers. One customer sent James an e-mail praising his team for its "outstanding customer service from the beginning to the conclusion of the installation." Five years after joining Sun, he was one of 50 managers to receive the coveted Sun Outstanding Manager award.In the pursuit of a growing global presence for Sun, Lawry tapped James for a high-profile global team management position. The job was to implement and maintain the firm's latest enterprise-wide solutions for multinational Fortune 100 companies. For example, if an organization had 20 sites throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, James and his global team would be the ones responsible for seamlessly executing a plan to safeguard data across all 20 sites. The Sun team was usually contacted after the customer's own IT group could not resolve the problem. Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sun Microsystems, Inc. provided companies with complete information technology (IT) solutions that included hardware, software, storage, and services. Espouseing the notion that core innovations should not be proprietary, Sun made its technologies open source. The company's philosophy was that the freedom to assemble, participate, and create provided the spark for innovation. This guiding principle enabled market expansion, which boded well for developers, consumers, and Sun alike. Sun originated as a student project at Stanford University. In 1982, Vinod Khosla, Scott McNealy, and Andy Bechtolsheim founded Sun Microsystems, deriving its name from the Stanford University Network (SUN). A year later, Sun signed a $40 million agreement with Computervision, a computer- aided design and manufacturing company. The company continued developing innovative network technology, as well as personal computers and supercomputers. Sun's ownership of some of the leading products in network computing--namely the Solaris operating system, the UltraSPARC processor, and the Java technology platform--gave the company an advantage over its peers. As a systems" company, Sun controlled all of these elements directly, as opposed to leveraging and integrating the parts from other companies (e.g., suppliers of middleware, chips, etc.). In addition, Sun's strategy for forming strategic alliances - even with competitors like Microsoft - had paid off. By 2007, Sun had reached $14 billion in revenues with approximately 35,000 employees in 47 countries. Competitive Industry Sun was in a fast-paced industry characterized by high product turnover and rapid changes in capacity. Companies not able to stay ahead of the technological curve quickly fell by the wayside. Consequently, industry members had to invest heavily in research and development to succeed in such an environment. The last few years had been particularly difficult, as profit margins were squeezed from both sides. High input prices were raising the cost of production, and competitors were involved in an intense price war. Loss of revenue had forced companies to look for other ways to slash costs. Some began outsourcing to Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Global Talent One of Sun's competitive strategies was to form global teams. By spreading out across the globe, Sun was able to be closer to its customers, have access to a larger pool of talent, and provide service at any hour of the day. When Sun was developing or implementing a new product, it would choose employees to support the product based on talent or leadership rather than location. The result was often a team of employees operating from a diverse range of countries. Lawry described some of the benefits of having global teams: Our customers have offices in Asia, Europe, and throughout North and South America. If we are to understand and respond to their needs, we need to have people onthe ground in each of these areas. How are we going to get the best people if we try to run three work shifts in Santa Clara? You are not going to get an engineer with 15 years of experience to agree to work the graveyard shift, and even if he did, there would be errors and he'd quit after not seeing his family for a few months. Our policy is to follow the sun-teams come online as the sun rises in their region and take over projects from areas where the sun is setting. These global teams varied in size and composition, but the majority were structured in accordance with Sun's "Rule of 11," a norm that each manager should have direct supervision over approximately 11 employees. Open Work At Sun, diverse employees had to work together across multiple time zones and function within their workplace locations. Along with the unique needs of a distributed team structure, employees also expressed a desire for more flexible work arrangements to establish a better work-life balance. Starting in 1995, Sun's top management began brainstorming possible options. The company designed and launched its alternative work environment a few years later. The Open Work program combined technologies, tools, and support processes that enabled employees to work from anywhere, anytime, using any technology. According to the findings of one of Sun's studies, roughly 35% of all employees did not use their assigned buildings on a typical workday. By implementing Open Work, Sun reduced its real estate holdings by more than 15% (2.6 million square feet), resulting in savings of nearly a half-billion dollars over the course of 10 years. In 2008, nearly 60% of Sun's employees had participated in the program. According to Seema Iyer, the Open Work program manager, employees had a choice of flexible work arrangements. When new hires joined Sun, they decided along with their managers whether their role was suitable for Open Work. The program consisted of three components. The first was a suite of enabling technologies referred to as "mobility with security," in which people moved between work sites and had consistent mobile access to personal computer sessions. The second involved daily access to workplaces that included the Sun campus, a drop-in office, a hoteling site, or a client site. Third, employees could work from home or a Sun workspace when an alternative space was needed. The organization provided monthly allowances to mobile employees for Internet, telephone, and hardware. Iyer noted: With Open Work, we've dramatically reduced our operating costs, and we pride ourselves for developing an eco-responsible system in line with our "green approach to business."2 Our employee satisfaction has risen and productivity remains strong. While satisfaction with the program is high, it still has a number of critics who believe that face- to-face interaction is key to innovation. Sun set up a suitability assessment for employees who wanted to participate in Open Work. Managers filled out a category assessment survey that polled work patterns, activities, resources, workstyle, and background [see Exhibit 2}. Sun examined factors such as the amount of time the employee typically spent working at different locations, the extent of interdependence 'rat HIE employee's role had with others, and whether work-related comrnlu'ricatirm was usually virtual or in-person. The data collection process also considered lmw frequently they worked from home, and whether they were a self-starter. 51m also established organizational systems--such as training for managers and employees working in global teams, resources for home-based employees, and workshops on Open Work--to assist wir 'le adjustment to le new work environment. james's team had completed these training programs and used many of the resources. James' Team Ream format Twelve months earlier, Iames had recruited his 45-person team - comprised of T members in France, 16! in India, 11 in the UPLE, and 11 in 1e US - to serve Sun's enterprise customers in sia and Europe {see Exhibit 3}. james was pleased with how easily the global team came together; When 1 first took this job, lhad no idea how to recruit new hires in other countries, but the team came together quickly. We had several engineers in France who were brought in for an unrelated short-term project. Their project was winding down, and l was able to recruit a few of therrL Then, I contacted our local human resources team in Mumbai, India, which sent me T5 impressive resumes of graduates from the Indian Institutes of 'I'echnology. I traveled to Mumbai for a week and hired 15 people. I did the same thing with the UAE team. I inherited the USA guys from an acquisition of a start-up company, and at worked out well because they already had a history of working together and could be productive relatively quickly. Jiames had participated in Open Work in his previous management role and had found the work environment beneficial. He hoped to use 1e program again, so he submitted an application for himself and his team. When the application was accepted, some team members chose to work from home while others used the flexible option. Time Zone and Work james kept in touch with his direct reports throughout the week. He also concluded that the best way for him to keep everyrme on the same page was to conduct weekly conference cal Ls with his entire team of 45. I [e described the calls: i keep the agenda for these calls very predictable. The night before the call, I send the team a "topics' list\" 1at usually has to do with customer installation schedules, service contracts, and related issues that we must address. We run through the list, and Ipush for commitments on next steps for every item. These calls can get very technical and drawn out. My role is to make sure that we keep 1e big picture in mind. And because I understand the meeting time is not perfect for everyone, 1 try hard to always start and end on time. james set the calls to begin at Pacific Standard Time. This was EDU in India, 19:01} in the UAE, and 1?:III in France. james felt 1e meeting time was the best choice, given everyone's constraints. During the visit prompted by the HS Holdings incident, James learned that he had missed some of the more nuanced considerations of the meeting time. His technical lead in India, Ashok, told James that the Indian team felt as if they were second-class citizens among the larger team. They had fewer agenda items, their concerns were always reviewed last, and they felt consistently interrupted. Moreover, the Indian team started work very early in the morning (06:30 IST) to get briefed before the US team went offline. Being on the conference calls from 20:30 until 22:00 meant that the Indian employees had excessively long days. James wondered if these concerns were behind his Indian team members' recent feedback on the Open Work environment (see Exhibit 4). The final crucial irritant for the Indian team members was so fundamental that it had initially escaped James's attention. Ashok explained: My guys are unhappy about the fact that they are often left to do customer maintenance work. They think their focus should be on initial customer technology customization and innovation. The other teams get the interesting work. But the moment there's a problem, we are the first ones dispatched to put out technical fires. If we are that good, how come we are not good enough to get the creative work? James knew that Ashok was a highly skilled engineer and manager who got his team working in record time. Ashok was in his eighth year at Sun, seven of which he had spent in Santa Clara. He had returned to India because he saw opportunities to more rapidly advance his career in the region's burgeoning technology market. Ashok was on track to manage the entire Asia-Pacific region that included the UAE, and he served as a role model to younger engineers like Devilal. Compensation Mismatch James felt each country's team was frustrated for a different reason. The French team had recently voiced displeasure about what they termed a "compensation mismatch" between themselves and their American counterparts. Although employee salaries were typically kept confidential, an American team member had inadvertently disclosed his higher salary to his French teammate. James recalled: There was an immediate firestorm within the team. The French members did not understand why they were making 30% less than their American coworkers, even though they were trained at the top technical institutions in their country. I tried to explain to them that their salaries were consistent with their local market. Jacqueline Martin, the technical support manager in France, had responded: How can I tell my team that their work is valued, when the US guys get paid so much more? My team works 50 hours a week and our schedule is unpredictable. We work from home, but we are never home. My children say that they don't spend time with me because I am always on my laptop or on the phone trying to resolve problems. Just two weeks ago, I had to miss my daughter's recital when I got an urgent message from Ashok. I just don't understand why our work and our time are less valuable. The Americans rationalized their pay by opining that France's strict labor laws gave their French colleagues job security, while the American workforce would be unprotected in the event of an economic downturn.The tension between these two teams carried over to perceptions about time-off as well. When the French teammates took several weeks of vacation granted to them by law, US team members claimed it was unfair that they had to carry the load. James tried to make the situation more equitable by assigning more work to the French group, but he could not advertise that fact. Still, the Americans felt unsatisfied. James could do nothing about the differing regulatory laws among the various countries. He thought he had explained the need for his team to accept country-based benefits differences: "This is part of global collaboration." Perceived Neglect James realized that there was equal-opportunity disgruntlement among the sub-teams. After pressing Nazr, the technical lead for the UAE site, he learned that the team felt deprived of sufficient face-to-face contact with James. They were also nervous about becoming a subgroup to the India office, which would have placed them even further away from James. Nazr went on to explain: The team feels disconnected not just from you, but from the company as a whole. In fact, we all worry that our performance evaluations will suffer because you may not understand the unique culture and business challenges of our Middle Eastern market. For the first time, James understood that the UAE team members feared they would be deemed incompetent because they had consistently missed the deadlines that James had set in the last few months. Their culture, however, required extensive and time-consuming relationship building before contracts and commitments could be finalized. They often worked at two paces: their country's pace, and the company's pace, which was driven by fast-moving and time-sensitive deadlines. During his trip, James was also blindsided by the realization that Nazr's team had strained relations with Ashok's team. As Ashok was preparing to take on responsibility for the region, he often volunteered his experience and expertise. At first, the UAE team had been grateful for his guidance. But they did not want to work under Ashok. James heard from Devilal, who had spent a week in the UAE office: Rahul sent me to Ahmed's team when they were having trouble setting up a custom application for a client. I really sympathize with those guys- everything takes so much longer, so they have to work all the time to make our deadlines. But it was really uncomfortable to be there, because I know Ahmed and Rahul don't get along. No one talks about it, but I think it's because Ahmed is from Pakistan. I try not to think about those things, but it is a big deal for some people. U.S. Sub-team Viewed as "Favorites" James cringed when he was accused of playing favorites with his US team. Members of the three non-US teams had said that they sometimes received e-mail threads following an ongoing conversation between James and the US team. By the time the threads reached them, it appeared as though decisions had been made and they were copied only as an afterthought. James realized that he had spent more time with the US team: "We do have more of the water-cooler conversations, but I do not understand how that makes me a bad guy. I overheard one of my guys say, "With Greg, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.' I really felt the sting of that comment."All of these concerns passed through James's mind as he ended the video conference with Lawry. He noted the cold comfort of her words: Global markets are pressuring us to span operations across multiple time zones. There is no going back. You need to figure out how to build consensus. You're not going to be able to get that developer from China and India and Prague all in the same room, and a lot of issues quite frankly are time sensitive. You have to make sure that everyone is fully engaged because you are managing systems for our most important clients. Moving Forward James knew that Sun was under tremendous pressure from its competitors and could not risk losing customers. He considered himself lucky to have survived the HS Holdings disaster by averting a lawsuit, but he knew that if he did not find a solution to his team's troubles, his meticulous career planning might fall off course. James recalled sitting in his boss's office, soon after he had received Spurlock's terse e-mail. He had never seen him that angry. Being on the receiving end of such criticism for the first time was shocking to James. His heart raced as he remembered Spurlock's stern warning: "Fix it. Fix it now. Greg, I want you to tell me your short- and long-term plan to make certain that this never, ever happens again. Something in your process is broken!" The lack of face-to-face interaction with his teams in France, the UAE, and India was a problem. He wondered whether he should increase face-time by traveling to every site on the first and third weeks of the month. Or should he do the opposite and reduce face-to-face interaction with everyone, including the US team? James also considered conducting multiple all-team meetings throughout the week to increase communication across cultural and national boundaries. He questioned whether his problems were with the larger structure of his team. He also had doubts about whether his customer demands were even suited to the number of team members and the Open Work environment. He wondered, most of all, if he had mismanaged the team. What could he do differently moving forward?409-003 Exhibit 1 HS Holdings' Online Banking Implementation and Support Several companies provided the TIC was responsible for integrating HS Technology that HS Holdings needed. Holdings' 3 technology suppliers. HS Holdings Software (Sun) Online Banking TIC Design System System Involved Hardware (Company X) System Integration 3 technologies Storage (Company Y) Several product suppliers including Sun supplied software, hardware, and / or storage to HS Holdings. . Technology Integration Company (TIC) integrated supplier products into a technology system. HS Holdings TIC Sun: 24/7 Software Premium Contract Support Services System Online Banking Ongoing IT Support Company X: Hardware Warranty System Company Y: Storage Warranty . HS Holdings relied on TIC for day-to-day IT support and for any problems related to the integration of products. . TIC acted as HS Holdings' agent to communicate directly with suppliers like Sun. Source: Case writer.Exhibit 2 Sample Open Work Suitability Survey Questions Work Preferences & Characteristics: Please check (V) the description that best captures you and your work situation. [ ] I am good at planning and organizing my work so that it can be done effectively from any location. [ ] When I am away from the office environment, I find it difficult to motivate myself to set my own goals and accomplish them. [ ] I have the self-discipline necessary to work productively in an unstructured work setting like my home. [ ] The office environment is not an important source of social contact for me. [ ] I would miss people or feel isolated working by myself at home. [ ] My coworkers accept and respect those who do not to come into the office every day (i.e., work from home, etc.). [ ] The ability to work anytime, anywhere is very important to me. [ ] I need flexibility in my workplace choices as a way of balancing my workonwork needs. [ ] I prefer the stability of using the same office space on a routine basis, rather than choosing where I work each day to suit my work needs. [ ] I often travel to customer, partner, vendor, or other non-Sun locations as part of my work. [ ] My work has discrete timelines and milestones that can be quantified, measured, and monitored. [ ] I always make sure my manager, coworkers, and/ or customers know how to quickly find or reach me, no matter where I am working. [ ] Information sharing and knowledge exchange occur informally, through direct person-to-person contacts on the job. [ ] Much of my dealings with coworkers and customers involve communicating electronically using phone, e-mail, or other online technologies. [ ] Most of the in-person interaction I have with others at work is impromptu, informal, and spontaneous. Source: Company.hibit 3 Organization Chart for Greg James' Team Greg James (Santa Clara, CA, USA) Global Manager Anthony Majewski Ahmed Nazr (UAE) Rahul Ashok (India) Elisabeth Fourier Jacqueline Martin Hans Joerg (USA) Kathryn Weeks (USA) Customer Joy Mah (USA) Customer Service Customer Service (France) Customer (France) Technical Technical Support (USA ) Product Access Evaluation Administrator Manager Manager Advocate Support Manager Manager Technical Support Representative Business Services Account Technical Support Application Support Sales Account Development Manager Engineer (6) Engineer Manager Manager Project Delivery Software Engineer (3) Program Manager IT Technologist Application Engineer Manager Systems Support Field Engineer Application Support Engineer (2) Senior Field Engineer Engineer (3) Contractor = Field Support Service Software Engineer (5 Application Support Engineer Engineer (2) Engineer (2) Contractor - Support Engineer (3) arce: Case writer.Exhibit 4 Surveys of Satisfaction with Open Work for Greg James's Team Satisfaction With Open Work Environment for 100 Work From Home Employees 80 60 40 20 Work-Task Effectiveness Workspace Effectiveness Technology Effectiveness Distance Collaboration HR Practices Effectiveness Management Support Employee Satisfaction Work Group Productivity Assimilation of New Assignees Americas Asia Pacific Europe & Middle East Source: Case writer