Koontz Company manufactures a number of products. The standards relating to one of these products are shown below, along with actual cost data for May.

Standard Cost per Unit Actual Cost per UnitDirect materials: Standard: 1.90 feet at $4.40 per foot$ 8.36 Actual: 1.85 feet at $4.80 per foot $ 8.88Direct labor: Standard: 0.95 hours at $18.00 per hour17.10 Actual: 1.00 hours at $17.50 per hour 17.50Variable overhead: Standard: 0.95 hours at $6.00 per hour5.70 Actual: 1.00 hours at $5.60 per hour 5.60Total cost per unit$ 31.16 $ 31.98Excess of actual cost over standard cost per unit $ 0.82

The production superintendent was pleased when he saw this report and commented: This $0.82 excess cost is well within the 4 percent limit management has set for acceptable variances. It's obvious that there's not much to worry about with this product."

Actual production for the month was 18,500 units. Variable overhead cost is assigned to products on the basis of direct labor-hours. There were no beginning or ending inventories of materials.

Required:

1. Compute the following variances for May:

a. Materials price and quantity variances.

b. Labor rate and efficiency variances.

c. Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

2. How much of the $0.82 excess unit cost is traceable to each of the variances computed in requirement 1.

3. How much of the $0.82 excess unit cost is traceable to apparent inefficient use of labor time?