Kubin Company's relevant range of production is 23,000 to 27,500 units. When it produces and sells 25,250 units, its average costs per unit are as follows:

Average Cost per UnitDirect materials$8.30Direct labor$5.30Variable manufacturing overhead$2.80Fixed manufacturing overhead$6.30Fixed selling expense$4.80Fixed administrative expense$3.80Sales commissions$2.30Variable administrative expense$1.80

Required:

1. Assume the cost object is units of production:

a. What is the total direct manufacturing cost incurred to make 25,250 units?

b. What is the total indirect manufacturing cost incurred to make 25,250 units?

2. Assume the cost object is the Manufacturing Department and that its total output is 25,250 units.

a. How much total manufacturing cost is directly traceable to the Manufacturing Department?

b. How much total manufacturing cost is an indirect cost that cannot be easily traced to the Manufacturing Department?

3. Assume the cost object is the company's various sales representatives. Furthermore, assume that the company spent$95,950 of its total fixed selling expense on advertising and the remainder of the total fixed selling expense comprised the fixed portion of the company's sales representatives' compensation.

a. When the company sells 25,250 units, what is the total direct selling expense that can be readily traced to individual sales representatives?

b. When the company sells 25,250 units, what is the total indirect selling expense that cannot be readily traced to individual sales representatives?