Lab 7 - Binary File I/O

Overview

In this assignment, you are going to load a series of files containing data and then searching the loaded data for specific criteria (This sounds oddly familiar). The files that you load will contain information about various hero characters, some of their attributes (i.e. strength, hit-points, etc.) as well as any items they may be carrying. The data that you load will also be in a binary format, which needs to be handled differently than text-based files.

Description

There are 2 main files that you will be loading in this assignment:

• friendlyships.shp
• enemyships.shp

These files contain data about starships and some of the key information about them (their names, their maximum warp speed, etc). In binary files, you have to know the format or pattern of the data in order to read it, as you cant open the file up in a text editor to see whats in it. (Well, you CAN, but it wont be pretty.)

Starship Data

The output for a starship would look something like this:

The data stored for each ship is as follows:

1. A string for the name of the vessel
2. A string for the class of ship
3. The length of the ship, stored as a short
4. The shield capacity, stored as an integer
5. The maximum warp speed of the ship, stored as a float
6. An inventory containing a variable number of weapons, each of which contain a string, integer, and float. If a ship doesnt have any weapons, the file will still have to indicate a 0. Output-wise, you can just print out Unarmed

Reading binary data

Reading data in binary is all about copying bytes (1 byte := 2 nibbles := 8 bits) from a location in a file to a location in memory. When reading data you will always use the read() function, and when writing data you will always use the write() function. For this assignment, you will only need to read() data.

Strings are always an exceptional case. In the case of strings, you should read them in a 4 or 5 step process:

1. Read the length of the string from the file. Unless you are dealing with fixed-length strings (in which case you know the length of the string from somewhere else), it will be there, promise. (If someone didnt write this data out to a file, shame on them, they screwed up.)
2. Dynamically allocate an array equal to the size of the string, plus 1 for the null terminator. If the length already includes the null terminator, do not add one to the count here youd be accounting for it twice, which is bad.
3. Read the string into your newly created buffer.
4. (OPTIONAL) Store your dynamic char * in something like a std::string, which manages its own internal memory. Then you dont have to worry about it anymore.
5. Delete the dynamically allocated array. If you did step 4, this should be immediately after you store it in the std::string (so you dont forget to delete it later). If you are planning to use this variable later, be sure to delete it later on down the line.

Refer back to the Powerpoint slides about Binary File I/O for information on how to read and write binary files.

File format

The structure of the files is as follows:

4 bytes	A count of how many ships are in the file
Count number of ships follow the first 4 bytes. Each ship has the following format:
4 bytes	The length of the name, including the null terminator
Length bytes	The string data for the name, including the null terminator
4 bytes	The length of the ships class, including the null terminator
Length bytes	The string data for the class, including the null terminator
2 bytes	The ships length, in meters
4 bytes	The ships shield capacity, in terajoules
4 bytes	The warp speed of the ship
4 bytes	A count of the number of weapons equipped on the ship
Count number of weapons follow the previous 4 bytes. Each Item is as follows:
4 bytes	The length of the weapons name, including the null terminator
Length bytes	The string data for the name of the item, including the null terminator
4 bytes	An integer for power rating of the weapon (on some fictional scalehigher is better)
4 bytes	A float for the power consumption of the weapon

Searches

After youve loaded the data, you will perform a few operations on the stored data:

1. Print all the ships
2. Print the starship with the most powerful weapon
3. Print the most powerful ship (highest combined power rating of all weapons)
4. Print the weakest ship (out of ships that actually have weapons)
5. Print the unarmed ships

Sample outputs

Left: First 2 ships from enemyships.shp -- Right: Unarmed friendly vessels

Tips

1. Choices you make at the start of a program can have a big impact on how the rest of the program gets developed. Think about how you want to store the information retrieved from the file, and how you could easily pass that data to various functions you might write.
2. If you have a process for easily loading and accessing the data, the rest of the functionality should be a lot easier to write. Make sure the loading process is all taken care of before worrying about anything else.
3. The code to load 1 file containing 1 piece of data (no matter how complex that data is) should not be much different than loading 100 files, each containing 100 elements. Start by thinking about just 1 element from the file first. Do the values you read match the values in the file? What about 2 entries, does everything add up? Etc
4. If you pass containers of data, make sure you pass them by REFERENCE, not by value. Dont create copies of anything unless you specifically need a copy.
5. Try reading one element at a time. Read the first 4 bytes, try printing it out to the screen. Is the number something reasonable, or something that seems incorrect, like -20? If that works, move on to the next piece of data in the file.

main

#include #include using namespace std;

int main() { cout << "Which file(s) to open? "; cout << "1. friendlyships.shp" << endl; cout << "2. enemyships.shp" << endl; cout << "3. Both files" << endl; int option; cin >> option;

/* Load files here */

cout << "1. Print all ships" << endl; cout << "2. Starship with the strongest weapon" << endl; cout << "3. Strongest starship overall" << endl; cout << "4. Weakest ship (ignoring unarmed)" << endl; cout << "5. Unarmed ships" << endl; cin >> option; /* Work your magic here */ return 0; }