Lab on Magnets and Magnetism

Open the simulation Magnets and Electromagnets by clicking on the link: (Please copy and paste the link)

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/magnets-and-electromagnets

Part A: Reference (Protocol)

Magnets and Electromagnets (2.07.01) X File Options Help Bar Magnet Electromagnet PHET -Bar Magnet Strength: 75 % 50 100 Flip Polarity See Inside Magnet Show Field Show Compass Show Field Meter Show planet Earth Reset All S N Magnetic (B) Field B 3.34 G Bx 3.34 G By 0.00 G -0.06 OPROCEDURE Open the simulation Magnets and Electromagnets by clicking on the link: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/magnets-and-electromagnets Part 1: The Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet Keep the default tab Bar Magnet at the top and the selected Show Field and Show Compass Magnets and Lectromagnets (2 0701) Bar Magnet Electromagnet 50 Show Compass Show Field later Show planil Earth S N 1. Click on the button on the right side Show compass. 2. Drag the compass around to the bar magnet. Watch the red arrow of the compass needle. 3. Notice how the needle position changes as you drag the compass around the magnet. Write down in your report. 4. Click on Show Compass to remove it, then click on Show Field Meter to measure the strength of the magnetic field in gauss, G; 1 tesla = 10,000 gauss; 1 T =10* G. 5. Place the measuring tip labeled + of the field meter close to the South pole so that the reading for the vertical component By (the strength of the magnetic field vector along the y axis) is 0 G; at that position so that the magnetic field vector is horizontal. Take a screenshot of your setting to include in your report and jot down the magnitude of the magnetic field B in Table 1. 6. Drag the field meter near the North pole in a symmetrical position compared to the one for the previous reading. It should be at the approximately same distance as it was from the South pole. Jot down your measurements. 7. Take readings at 3 more points between South to North at the approximately same distance from the magnet and write them down in the column Distance 1 in Table 1. 8. Repeat the measurements at 5 other points at another distance further away from the magnet. Copy down your measurements in the column titled Distance 2.9. Finally, take 5 readings at an even further distance and write them them in Distance 3. Magrats and Flocfromagnifs (2.07 01) Bar Magnet \\Electromagnet Bar Magnet- Flip Pointy how Compass Show pins Cat S N B 2.30G Part 2: The Earth's Magnetic Field 10. Click on the Show the Planet Earth and Show Field button. Notice any similarities between the magnetic field of a bar magnet and that of the Earth. 1 1. Drag the Field Meter at a position near the Earth's North pole where the magnetic field is vertical (the horizontal component B, is 0). Take a screenshot and copy it on you report. 12. Investigate the strength of the Earth's magnetic field at various distances. Part 3 Electromagnets Select the tab Electromagnet at the top 13. Select the setting for Loops at 1, Show Field meter, the voltage on the battery at 10 V to the right. 14. Measure the magnetic field created by the loop at various positions around as well as inside the loop. 15. Switch the battery button to 10 V at the far left position and repeat the previous step. Describe on your report what you see with the voltage at 10V moved left or right. Does the pattern look familiar? If so, how? 16. Place the Field Meter in the centre of the loop. The vertical component of the field, B,, should be zero. 17. Take readings for the magnetic field strength when the voltage is 10 V, then 5V.Jot down your readings (top number ONLY in the meter) in Table 2. 18. Add a second loop, then repeat steps 16-17. 19. Repeat steps 16-17 for 3 and 4 loops.20. Switch the terminals of the battery by moving the slider to the left 10V and notice the change in the direction of the magnetic field. Reference Figures 1 to 3 from College Physics: A Strategic Approach, 4th Edition. Knight, Jones, Field. @ 2019, Pearson Education Inc. Magnets and Electromagnets, a PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, licensed under CC-BY-4.0 ( https://phet.colorado.edu)1. What is the purpose of this activity? Part 1: The Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet 2. Describe how the position of the red arrow of the compass needle changes as you drag it around the magnet. 3. Include your screen shot with the field meter close to the South pole so that the reading for the vertical component By of the magnetic field is 0 G. Reading for the magnetic field strength should be readable and the setting on the right side of the screen should be included. Your screenshot should be large enough to fir the space below. 4. Summarize your measurements of the magnetic field strength (in G) at various positions and distances. Table 1 Distance 1 Distance 2 Distance 3 South pole Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 North pole 5. Based on your readings, describe the characteristics of the magnetic field of a bar magnet. a. In what direction do the lines of the magnetic field move?b. What happens to the magnetic field as you move away from a magnet? c. Where is the magnetic field stronger? Part 2 The Earth's Magnetic Field 6. Include your screen shot of the Earth's magnetic field with the field meter near its North pole where the magnetic field is vertical. Reading for the magnetic field strength should be readable. 7. Describe the magnetic field of the Earth. 8. Compare your measurements of the magnetic field of the Earth with your results from Part 1. Part 3 Electromagnets 9. Describe the magnetic field of the current-carrying loop with the voltage at 10 V on the right. Does the pattern look familiar? If so, how? 10. Discuss how the magnetic field of a current-carrying loop changes when the voltage is switched to10 V from right to left.11. Summarize below your measurements for the strength of the magnetic field (in G) produced by current carrying loops. Table 2 Number of loops 5 V 10 V 1 2 3 4 12. Propose a basic relationship between the number of loops and the magnetic field strength based on the data from Table 2. 13. As you change the voltage, the current proportionally changes. Propose a relationship between current and magnetic field strength based on the data collected in Table 2 14. Summarize your observations re: the direction of the magnetic field created by the current-carrying loops and the direction of the current