Lactobacillus rhamnosus is cultured at pH 6.0 in a bioreactor with total working volume of 5 L using sterile medium containing 100 g/L glucose. Concentrations of cell, glucose, and lactic acid are shown in Figure 1 (also provided in Form 1). Explain the three main growth phases identified in the fermentation profiles shown in Figure 1 based on time (t) and describe the use of maintenance energy in the growth phase. 110 11 100 10 90 9 80 8 70 60 09 Glucose and Lactic Acid Concnetration (g/L) Cell Concnetration (g/L) 50 5 40 30 3 20 N 10 1 0 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (hour) -Glucose Concentration (g/L) +-Lactic Acid Concentration (g/L) -Cell concentration (g/L) Figure 1: Fermentation profiles of lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. (9 marks)