Last February, Johannes visited a company production facility in Taiwan. Prior to the visit, Johannes assumed that Taiwanese colleagues would take one$-$hour lunches and frequently play golf, just like colleagues in the United States. Johannes was quite surprised $($and disappointed$)$ during the visit to learn that they preferred much shorter lunches, often at their desks, and rarely $($if ever$)$ played golf.

Johannes was subject to which of the following perceptual problems in communication?

Attribution

Projected cognitive similarity

Impression formation