Last week, Alex obtained his driving license and purchased a new motorcycle. While driving at Shatin, Alex wanted to demonstrate his riding skills. So, he deliberately raised his two hands and did not hold his motorcycle's handlebar controls. When Alex was riding close to Susan, a pedestrian who was walking on the pavement, his motorcycle lost control and knocked her down accidentally. Susan sustained facial injuries as a result of Alex's negligent driving, and her lawyer opined that she could make a claim for at least HK$100,000 as compensation if she initiated a legal proceeding against Alex.

Required:

(1a) Explain whether Susan's legal action against Alex involves criminal law or civil law. (1 mark) State (i) the nature, (ii) party to initiate the legal proceeding, (iii) normal remedy, and (iv) the standard of proof of this type of law. (4 marks)

(1b) Which court will this case be heard? Describe the specific jurisdiction (either civil or criminal) of that court relevant to Susan's legal action against Alex. (5 marks)

(1c) If Alex is dissatisfied with the judgment decided by the court or tribunal in 1(b) above, which courts or tribunals will hear the first and second appeals of this case respectively? (2 marks)