Last year, two friends Gear and Nogear invested in residential apartments. Each invested $1m of their own money (their net wealth).

Apartments cost $1m last year and they earned net rents of $25k pa over the last year. Net rents are calculated as rent revenues less the costs of renting such as property maintenance, land tax and council rates. However, interest expense and personal income taxes are not deducted from net rents.

Gear and Nogear funded their purchases in different ways:

Gear used $1m of her own money and borrowed $3m from the bank in the form of an interest-only loan with an interest rate of 3% pa to buy 4 apartments.

Nogear used $1m of his own money to buy one apartment. He has no mortgage loan on his property.

Both Gear and Nogear also work in high-paying jobs and are subject personal marginal tax rates of 45%. Assume that capital gains are taxed at the full 45% personal rate when the asset is sold.

Over the past year, house prices increased by 1%, before subtracting capital gains tax (CGT).

Gear and Nogear both sold their houses and Gear paid back all debt.

Which of the below statements about the past year is NOT correct? Note that m stands for million (10^6) and k stands for kilo (10^3).

Select one:

a. Gear's debt-to-assets ratio one year ago was 75% while Nogear's was zero.

b. Gear's net rent before tax was 100k while Nogear's was 25k.

c. Gear's capital gains before tax were 30k while Nogear's was 10k.

d. Gear's interest expense before tax was 90k while Nogear's was zero.

e. Gear's income and capital gains after tax due to the investment properties (ignoring opportunity costs) was 27.5k while Nogear's was 19.25k.