Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of local governments (76.5 percent of the nation's police employees work at the local level). Why do we not have or want a national police force? Draw upon material from Chapters 1

Chpater 1 - Police comes from the Latin word politia Police can be seen as those involved in the administration of a city Reference to the police as a "civil authority" is very important Police represent the civil power of government This chapter will discuss early forms of policing

Organized police departments were rare in early civilizations - Rome created the first specialized investigative unit Questors, or "trackers of murder" Praetorian Guard Vigiles

EARLY HISTORY - Alfred the Great & Statute of Winchester - Mutual pledge - Constable Shire-reeve - Hue and cry - Watch and ward

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY POLICING: THIEF-TAKERS Thief-takers were private citizens No official status - Similar to bounty hunters Dangerous lifestyle - Generally created more crime

HENRY FIELDING AND THE BOW STREET RUNNERS - Fielding founded first modern police force - First official crime reports Investigative unit Bow Street Runners - 1804 - Horse patrol established in London

English Policing: Our Heritage John S. Dem Linda S. Fol PEEL'S POLICE: THE METROPOLITAN POLICE FOR LONDON Sir Robert Peel Drafted first police bill Metropolitan Police Act Peel's Nine Principles Beat system Small permanent posts

American Policing: The Colonial Experience John S. Dempse Linda S. Forst THE NORTH: THE WATCH - Colonists constantly at risk - County sheriff was the most important law enforcement official Sheriffs did not patrol but stayed in their offices In cities, town marshal was chief law enforcement official

American Policing: The Colonial Experience John S. Dempse: Linda S. Forst THE SOUTH: SLAVE PATROLS AND CODES - People generally took matters into their own hands - Slave patrols A formal system of social control Prominent in many of the early colonies First accepted practice of patrol function and concept Slave codes Mandated slaves had no rights Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries THE URBAN EXPERIENCE Early Police Departments Politics in American Policing The Early Police Officer's Job

American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centurie THE SOUTHERN EXPERIENCE - Charleston slave patrol - Atlanta police force - Elderly Not-so-honest element Militia-like nature Reluctantly hired black officers

American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centurie THE FRONTIER EXPERIENCE Sheriffs and Town Marshals Posse comitatus Federal Marshals The Military State Police Agencies Private Police

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries POLICING FROM 1900 TO 1960 Professionalism Technology The Boston Police Strike National Prohibition Volstead Act The Wickersham Commission

EIGHTH D John S. De Linda S. F American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries POLICING FROM 1900 TO 1960 (continued) August Vollmer O. W. Wilson Raymond Blaine Fosdick and Bruce Smith John Edgar Hoover Kefauver Committee

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuri POLICING IN THE 1960s AND 1970s Supreme Court Decisions The Civil Rights Movement Police Response to Civil Disobedience Anti-Vietnam War Demonstrations Campus Disorders Urban Riots

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries POLICING IN THE 1960s AND 1970s (continued) Creation of National Commissions - President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice - National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders Corruption and the Knapp Commission Police Research Development of the Ideology of a Diverse Department

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries POLICING IN THE 1980s AND 1990s - Computer revolution in policing Drastic reduction in violent crime Community policing and problem-solving policing CompStat Rodney King incident Jury nullification Riots resulting from racial and civil unrest

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-first Centurie POLICING IN THE 2000s Police corruption issues resurfaced Notable crime reductions occurred 9/11 and Its Aftermath Terrorist attacks - Department of Homeland Security The USA Patriot Act Hurricane Katrina

Summary John S. Dempsey Linda S. Forst The police represent the civil power of government, rather than the military power of government. In 1828, Sir Robert Peel, England's home secretary, drafted the first police bill. The London Metropolitan Police was organized around the "beat system.' The first organized American police department was created in Boston in 1838. Police departments have been totally revamped since the 1960s.