Lean production successfully challenged the mass production practices to the production

systems focused on good quality products aimed at customers' satisfaction, where

everything that does not add value is concerned to be waste. It can be the answer to a

great flexibility of production systems and processes realizing complex products and

supply chains.

How can lean production methodologies be integrated into industry $4\mathrm{.}0?$ Substantiate

your answer with examples.

$(50$ marks$)$