Let Us Discover In this lesson, you are going to learn about the Aristotelian and Galilean concepts and compare and contrast their conceptions of vertical motion, horizontal motion, and projectile motion as well. Activity 1. Match Me Directions: Choose the terms or names of persons related to motion from the word pool below. List down these wordsames on the table and write what you know about it. Heliocentric cannonball Aristotle Kepler Feather hammer Galileo Copernicus Geocentric Ptolemy Distance AccelerationTerm/Name of Person What I know about it? Aristotle's Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal motion, and Projectile Motion 1. Vertical Motion - is referred to as natural motion. In a natural motion, the object will move and will return to its natural state based on the object's material or composition - earth, water, air, and fire. Example: Aristotle believed that because a ball fell when thrown upward, its element was earth. Aristotelian concept of natural motion is largely vertical motion which is falling or rising. 2. Horizontal Motion - an object moving in a violent motion requires push or pull to maintain horizontal motion. Motion continues only so long as there is an applied force to an object. Example: Violent motion is imposed motion caused by pushing or pulling. Aristotle classified any motion that required a force as a "violent motion". (H did not mean violent in the sense that it is marked by the use of harmful or destructive physical force. 3. Projectile Motion - Aristotle believed that the projectile motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. He viewed projectile motion as a natural and violent motion. He said that heavy objects fall faster that light ones. Example: A fired Cannonball Galileo's Concept of Vertical motion, Horizontal motion, and Projectile motion 1. Vertical Motion - In the absence of a resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall. If the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom and stops. Example: Without any resistance, a 1kg object will be as fast as a 10kg object when falling because they fall with the same amount of time, given that they are released from the same height. 2. Horizontal motion - An object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. If the earth's surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. Thus, the objects will continue to move. Example: A ball pushed on a flat surface, the ball will continue to roll if unimpeded 3. Projectile Motion - Galileo performed experiments on uniformly accelerated motion using an inclined plane, and used the same apparatus to study projectile motion. O Galileo was credited for quantifying the "rate of fall" by measurement of distance and time and plotting it graphically. He believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical direction. Example: Shooting of a ball in basketball ring, the ball does not need a force to keep it movingLet Us Try TRUE or FALSE Instructions: Read each statement carefully. Write True if the statement is correct and if False, change the italicized word or group of words to make the statement correct. 1. Aristotle claimed that violent motion is an imposed motion. 2. In natural motion, an object will move and will eventually return to its natural state depending on the composition that the object is made of. 3. According to Galileo, heavy objects will fall faster than light ones. 4. Aristotle believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical direction. 5. In Galileo's view of vertical motion, the fall of the object is dependent on its weight