Let's think about an economically sound way to measure the value of leisure. To keep this simple, we'll just think about the value of leisure to people who could work but who decide to stay home. Also, we won't think about how much actual workers value their free time, or how much children and retirees value their time.

In a standard supply and demand labor model, firms "demand" labor while workers "supply" labor. Let's think about a labor market that is in equilibrium, with a wage of $20 per hour (close to the U.S. average) and with 150 million Americans working out of a total of 225 million working-age Americans.

a. According to this simplified model of the U.S. economy, some workers would work if the wage were higher, but at the current wage, they'd rather stay home and watch reruns of Seinfeld or (don't let this be you!) Two and a Half Men. For the workers who are right on the margin between working and not working, what would their wage be if wages rose ever so slightly, and they went to work?

b. Let's use this wage as a shorthand for how much non workers value their time. After all, the "opportunity cost" of their free time must be at least this high, because otherwise they'd take a job. Now, let's calculate a GDP measure that adds in a rough estimate of the value enjoyed by these nonworkers. We'll use the following identity, and we'll round the value of nominal GDP to $14 trillion (close to the actual 2008 level). Leisure-augmented GDP = Regular GDP + Total monetary value of leisure If the average working person works 2,000 hours per year (that's a 40-hour week for 50 weeks a year), then what is the leisure augmented value of U.S. GDP?

Wage Labor supply (potential and actual workers) $20/hour Labor demand (firms) 150 million 225 million Number of workers