Letty, Brian, Han, Dominic, and Gisele loved driving around town fast and furious. If one happened to be speeding and noticed an officer or a state trooper they would send signals to others to make them aware. As a result, police officers and state troopers began issuing tickets to those who sent signals and warnings to drivers to that they can slow down and avoid being caught going above the speed limit. On August 3, Officer Grumpy pulled Dominic over and issued a citation for "flashing lights on certain vehicles prohibited; warning of RADAR ahead." Municipal Judge Friendly advised Dominic that the standard punishment imposed in the city of Speedsville for using headlamps to communicate the presence of a speed trap is a $1,350 fine. Dominic told Judge Friendly that he wanted to plead not guilty because he did not believe flashing headlamps violated Speedsville's city code section 2A-145. Judge Friendly became agitated and asked Dominic if he had ever heard of "obstruction of justice." Dominic then entered a plea of not guilty, and he was ordered to return to court on November 18. However, the prosecution terminated the case by dismissing the charge prior to the hearing date. Dominic, aided by the ACLU, filed a civil rights action in federal court. Will the court find a violation of Dominic's civil rights? Was flashing one's headlamps a form of speech