List the characteristics of Profibus PA$.($Your answer must include a simple diagram illustrating Profibus PA in process industry.$)(6$ marks$)$

Both Profibus PA and ASi bus are IEC $62026$ standard fieldbuses, yet they are very different in their offering. Compare the features offered and frames used by Profibus

Briefly explain the $$AS$-$Interface$.(3$ marks$)$

Give at least three $(3)$ applications of AS$-$I to those offered by ASi bus. $(3$ marks$)$

Sketch a simple diagram showing the multiple possible physical layouts of Foundation Fieldbus H$1$ in terms of physical media.

Explain why the the layouts seen above, can work extremely well in the mining environment.

What are the three $(3)$ important protocols that ProfiNet makes use of for effective communication over the same Ethernet infrastructure?

Mention the typical timing obtainable with each protocol.

Describe the three easiest ways to determine power problems on Foundation Fieldbus H$1$ devices, in one sentence each.