List the hallmarks of scientific research and determine if the following scenario meets each of the scientific research hallmarks? Justify your answer. A sales manager might observe that customers are perhaps not as pleased as they used to be. The manager may not be certain that this is really the case but may experience uneasiness among consumers and observe that the number of customer complaints has increased recently. This process of observation or sensing of the phenomena around us is what gets most research - whether applied or basic - started. The next step for the manager is to determine whether there is a real problem and, if so, how serious it is. This problem identification calls for some preliminary data gathering. The manager might talk casually to a few customers to find out how they feel about the products and customer service. During the course of these conversations the manager might find that the customers like the products but are upset because many of the items they need are frequently out of stock, and they perceive the salespersons as not being helpful. From discussions with some of the salespersons, the manager might discover that the factory does not supply the goods on time and promises new delivery dates that it fails, on occasion, to keep. Salespersons might also indicate that they try to please and retain the customers by communicating the delivery dates given to them by the factory. Integration of the information obtained through the informal and formal interviewing process helps the manager to determine that a problem does exist and to define the central question of the study as follows: "How do delays affect customer satisfaction?" It also helps the manager to formulate a theoretical framework of all the factors contributing to the problem. In this case, there is a network of connections among the following factors: delays by the factory in delivering goods, the notification of later delivery dates that are not kept, the promises of the salespersons to the customers (in hopes of retaining them) that cannot be fulfilled, all of which contribute to customer dissatisfaction. From the theoretical framework, which is a meaningful integration of all the information gathered, several hypotheses can be generated and tested to determine if the data support them. Concepts are then operationally defined so that they can be measured. A research design is set up to decide on, among other issues, how to collect further data, analyze and interpret them, and finally, to provide an answer to the problem.Does the following scenario fall into the category of Basic or applied research? Justify your answer. Mr. Paul Hodge, the owner of several restaurants is concerned about the wide differences in the profit margins of the various restaurants. He would like to try some incentive plans for increasing the efficiency levels of those restaurants that are lagging behind. But, before he introduces this, he would like to be sure that the idea will work. He asks a researcher to help him on this issue