ll 17 servers who participated in the TIPS training passed the 40-item certification examination; the average score was 87.7 per cent correct. A workshop evaluation form completed by each participant indicated consistently favor- able opinions of the training. Throughout the study, 32 research assistants posed as pseudopatrons on 49 occasions: 24 before training and 25 after training. Before training, servers who would later be trained were not distinguished from those who remained untrained. Therefore, the behaviors of all servers were examined as a group during the 24 pseudopatron visits before training. What was teh sampleDescribe how the authors defined pseudopatron and the role the pseudopatrons played in the study