Louis Company leased a machine from Millennium Corporation on January 1, 2010. The first annual payment was made on January 1, 2011. The machine has an economic life of six years. The lease agreement requires four annual payments of P33,000, including P3,000 annual payment for repairs and maintenance. The machine will be returned to Millennium Corporation at the end of the lease term and Louis Company guarantees a residual value of P5,000. Interest implicit in the lease is 10%, which is known to Louis. If Millennium Corporation recorded the net investment in lease higher than the liability initially recorded by Louis Company, the variance could be due to

a. initial direct costs.

b. an unguaranteed residual value.

c. both A and B.

d. neither A nor B.