/* ls3.c * showing Access Times: Standard ls supports a -u option to display the time of last * access instead of the time of last modification. What happens if you use -u without using -l? Modify ls2.c to support the -u option. * Modify ls2.c */

ls2.c:

/* ls2.c * purpose list contents of directory or directories * action if no args, use . else list files in args * note uses stat and pwd.h and grp.h * BUG: try ls2 /tmp */ #include #include #include #include

void do_ls(char[]); void dostat(char *); void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *); void mode_to_letters( int , char [] ); char *uid_to_name( uid_t ); char *gid_to_name( gid_t );

main(int ac, char *av[]) { if ( ac == 1 ) do_ls( "." ); else while ( --ac ){ printf("%s: ", *++av ); do_ls( *av ); } }

void do_ls( char dirname[] ) /* * list files in directory called dirname */ { DIR *dir_ptr; /* the directory */ struct dirent *direntp; /* each entry */

if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL ) fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s ", dirname); else { while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL ) dostat( direntp->d_name ); closedir(dir_ptr); } }

void dostat( char *filename ) { struct stat info;

if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 ) /* cannot stat */ perror( filename ); /* say why */ else /* else show info */ show_file_info( filename, &info ); }

void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p ) /* * display the info about 'filename'. The info is stored in struct at *info_p */ { char *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode(); void mode_to_letters(); char modestr[11];

mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );

printf( "%s" , modestr ); printf( "%4d " , (int) info_p->st_nlink); printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) ); printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) ); printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size); printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime)); printf( "%s " , filename );

}

/* * utility functions */

/* * This function takes a mode value and a char array * and puts into the char array the file type and the * nine letters that correspond to the bits in mode. * NOTE: It does not code setuid, setgid, and sticky * codes */ void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] ) { strcpy( str, "----------" ); /* default=no perms */

if ( S_ISDIR(mode) ) str[0] = 'd'; /* directory? */ if ( S_ISCHR(mode) ) str[0] = 'c'; /* char devices */ if ( S_ISBLK(mode) ) str[0] = 'b'; /* block device */

if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for user */ if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = 'w'; if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = 'x';

if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for group */ if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = 'w'; if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = 'x';

if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for other */ if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = 'w'; if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = 'x'; }

#include

char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid ) /* * returns pointer to username associated with uid, uses getpw() */ { struct passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr; static char numstr[10];

if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){ sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid); return numstr; } else return pw_ptr->pw_name ; }

#include

char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid ) /* * returns pointer to group number gid. used getgrgid(3) */ { struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr; static char numstr[10];

if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){ sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid); return numstr; } else return grp_ptr->gr_name; }