Luton Homes is a leading builder of luxury houses. Three years ago, Luton expanded its business by acquiring Clarity Homes, which gave Luton a significant presence in the project home market. Clarity is managed as an investment centre, and ROI is used to assess Clarity's performance (with the average of beginning and end-of-year investment balances being used in the ROI calculation). Bonuses for Clarity's managers are also based in part on ROI. Investments made by Luton Homes and its Clarity division are expected to earn a minimum return of 15 per cent before income taxes. Clarity's ROI has ranged from 19.3 to 22.1 per cent since it was acquired. Last year, Clarity considered an investment opportunity with an estimated ROI of 18 per cent. Clarity's management decided against the investment because they believed it would decrease their overall ROI. Last year's profit statement for Clarity is provided below. The division's productive assets were $18 900 000 at year end, a 5 per cent increase over the prior year-end balance. Clarity Homes division Profit statement for the year ended 31 December (in $'000s) Sales revenue $36 000 Cost of goods sold 23 700 Gross margin $12 300 Operating costs: Administrative $ 3 210 Selling 5 400 8 610 Profit from operations before income taxes $ 3 690 Required 1. Calculate the following performance measures for last year for the Clarity Homes division: (a) ROI (b ) residual income. 2. Would the management of the Clarity Homes division have been more likely to accept the investment opportunity if residual income had been used as a performance measure instead of ROI? Explain your answer. 3. Construct an Excel spreadsheet to show how the answers to requirement 1 will change if. ) profit from operations was $4 050 000 (b) productive assets at year-end were $27 000 000