MAIN IDEAS NOTES: By the 1820s and 1830s, Jackson's Second Term... new political parties arose-the Democrats, led by Andre Pet Banks... and the Whigs, led by Henry Clay - that Specie Circular.. disagreed about the role and powers of the federal government and issues such as the national bank, tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements. The Election of 1836. Frontier settlers tended o champion expansion efforts, while American Indian resistance led to a sequence of wars and federal efforts to control and relocate American President Van Buren and the Panic of 1837. Indian populations. The "Log Cabin and Hard CiderCampaign of 1840. The Western Frontier.. American Indians