Make a makefile for these programs. simple-sh.c, nice.c, and times1.c

The times1.c program, I think it requires the error.c and prexit.c programs.

The APUE.h header file is at the bottom also

simple-sh.c

#include #include #include

int main() { char line[256]; char prompt[] = "SimpleShell: Enter command or exit % ";

/* spit out the prompt */ printf("%s", prompt );

/* Try getting input. If error or EOF, exit */ while( fgets(line, sizeof line, stdin) != NULL ) { /* fgets leaves ' ' in input buffer. ditch it */ line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';

if(strcmp(line,"exit") == 0){ break; } else { system( line ); }

printf("%s", prompt ); }

return 0; }

Nice.c

#include "apue.h" #include #include

#if defined(MACOS) #include #elif defined(SOLARIS) #include #elif defined(BSD) #include #endif

unsigned long long count; struct timeval end;

void checktime(char *str) { struct timeval tv;

gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); if (tv.tv_sec >= end.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec >= end.tv_usec) { printf("%s count = %lld ", str, count); exit(0); } }

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pid_t pid; char *s; int nzero, ret; int adj = 0;

setbuf(stdout, NULL); #if defined(NZERO) nzero = NZERO; #elif defined(_SC_NZERO) nzero = sysconf(_SC_NZERO); #else #error NZERO undefined #endif printf("NZERO = %d ", nzero); if (argc == 2) adj = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); gettimeofday(&end, NULL); end.tv_sec += 10; /* run for 10 seconds */

if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { err_sys("fork failed"); } else if (pid == 0) { /* child */ s = "child"; printf("current nice value in child is %d, adjusting by %d ", nice(0)+nzero, adj); errno = 0; if ((ret = nice(adj)) == -1 && errno != 0) err_sys("child set scheduling priority"); printf("now child nice value is %d ", ret+nzero); } else { /* parent */ s = "parent"; printf("current nice value in parent is %d ", nice(0)+nzero); } for(;;) { if (++count == 0) err_quit("%s counter wrap", s); checktime(s); } }

times1.c

#include "apue.h" #include

static void pr_times(clock_t, struct tms *, struct tms *); static void do_cmd(char *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i;

setbuf(stdout, NULL); for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) do_cmd(argv[i]); /* once for each command-line arg */ exit(0); }

static void do_cmd(char *cmd) /* execute and time the "cmd" */ { struct tms tmsstart, tmsend; clock_t start, end; int status;

printf(" command: %s ", cmd);

if ((start = times(&tmsstart)) == -1) /* starting values */ err_sys("times error");

if ((status = system(cmd)) < 0) /* execute command */ err_sys("system() error");

if ((end = times(&tmsend)) == -1) /* ending values */ err_sys("times error");

pr_times(end-start, &tmsstart, &tmsend); pr_exit(status); }

static void pr_times(clock_t real, struct tms *tmsstart, struct tms *tmsend) { static long clktck = 0;

if (clktck == 0) /* fetch clock ticks per second first time */ if ((clktck = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)) < 0) err_sys("sysconf error");

printf(" real: %7.2f ", real / (double) clktck); printf(" user: %7.2f ", (tmsend->tms_utime - tmsstart->tms_utime) / (double) clktck); printf(" sys: %7.2f ", (tmsend->tms_stime - tmsstart->tms_stime) / (double) clktck); printf(" child user: %7.2f ", (tmsend->tms_cutime - tmsstart->tms_cutime) / (double) clktck); printf(" child sys: %7.2f ", (tmsend->tms_cstime - tmsstart->tms_cstime) / (double) clktck); }

Error.c

#include "apue.h" #include /* for definition of errno */ #include /* ISO C variable aruments */

static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);

/* * Nonfatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and return. */ void err_ret(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); }

/* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_sys(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); }

/* * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. * Error code passed as explict parameter. * Print a message and return. */ void err_cont(int error, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); }

/* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Error code passed as explict parameter. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); }

/* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message, dump core, and terminate. */ void err_dump(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); abort(); /* dump core and terminate */ exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */ }

/* * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and return. */ void err_msg(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); }

/* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_quit(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap;

va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); }

/* * Print a message and return to caller. * Caller specifies "errnoflag". */ static void err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap) { char buf[MAXLINE];

vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE-1, fmt, ap); if (errnoflag) snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf)-1, ": %s", strerror(error)); strcat(buf, " "); fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */ fputs(buf, stderr); fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */ }

prexit.c

#include "apue.h" #include

void pr_exit(int status) { if (WIFEXITED(status)) printf("normal termination, exit status = %d ", WEXITSTATUS(status)); else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) printf("abnormal termination, signal number = %d%s ", WTERMSIG(status), #ifdef WCOREDUMP WCOREDUMP(status) ? " (core file generated)" : ""); #else ""); #endif else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) printf("child stopped, signal number = %d ", WSTOPSIG(status)); }

APUE.h

#ifndef _APUE_H

#define _APUE_H

#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L

#if defined(SOLARIS) /* Solaris 10 */

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600

#else

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700

#endif

#include /* some systems still require this */

#include

#include /* for winsize */

#if defined(MACOS) || !defined(TIOCGWINSZ)

#include

#endif

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for offsetof */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for SIG_ERR */

#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */

/*

* Default file access permissions for new files.

*/

#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)

/*

* Default permissions for new directories.

*/

#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)

typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */

#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

/*

* Prototypes for our own functions.

*/

char *path_alloc(size_t *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */

long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */

int set_cloexec(int); /* {Prog setfd} */

void clr_fl(int, int);

void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */

void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */

void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */

Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */

void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */

void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */

ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */

ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */

int fd_pipe(int *); /* {Prog sock_fdpipe} */

int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,

const void *, size_t)); /* {Prog recvfd_sockets} */

int send_fd(int, int); /* {Prog sendfd_sockets} */

int send_err(int, int,

const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */

int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Prog servlisten_sockets} */

int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Prog servaccept_sockets} */

int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Prog cliconn_sockets} */

int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,

char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */

int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */

int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */

int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */

void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */

struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */

int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Prog ptyopen} */

int ptys_open(char *); /* {Prog ptyopen} */

#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ

pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,

const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */

#endif

int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */

#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog locktest} */

#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \

(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \

(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

void err_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */

void err_dump(const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void err_quit(const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void err_cont(int, const char *, ...);

void err_exit(int, const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void err_ret(const char *, ...);

void err_sys(const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */

void log_open(const char *, int, int);

void log_quit(const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void log_ret(const char *, ...);

void log_sys(const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void log_exit(int, const char *, ...) __attribute__((noreturn));

void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */

void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);

void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);

void WAIT_PARENT(void);

void WAIT_CHILD(void);

#endif /* _APUE_H */