Make a rough estimate of the cost of steam per ton, produced from a packaged boiler. 20 ton/h of steam are required at 15 bar. Natural gas will be used as the fuel, calorific value 39 MJ/m3 (roughly 1 MMBtu/1000 scf). Price of natural gas is 7 USD/MMBtu. Take the boiler efficiency as 80%. No condensate will be returned to the boiler. Convert the investment of the boiler to be annualized cost as 20% of the investment (annualized capital charge factor is 0.2).

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