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Article 1 Models for the analysis of public health policies reported in scientific publications. By the authors: Montenegro, G., Carmona, M., Franco, A. Publication period: 2021. The article "Models for the analysis of public health policies reported in scientific publications" by Montenegro, Carmona and Franco (2021) aims to synthesize the models used for the analysis of public health policies, according to research updated in the period 2002- 2017. For this, a systematic search of articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish was carried out using MeSH terms in databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Jstor, ProQuest and Google Scholar. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the tool developed by CASPe to understand the importance of qualitative studies in this way to be able to carry out a concrete and empirical analysis (Montero et al., 2021).

The results of the aforementioned study showed that most of the research was conducted in African countries. It is worth mentioning that policies related to health care were the most frequent research object. Among the public health policy analysis models reported, the Walt and Gilson policy analysis model stood out, followed by Kingdon's multi-stream framework. Likewise, it was observed that policies related to health care were the most frequent research object in the reviewed studies.

Among the models of analysis of public health policies reported in the selected articles, the authors identified two models that stood out for their regularity of appearance. The first of these is the Walt and Gilson model of policy analysis, which has been widely used in the field of public health. This model focuses on analyzing the policy formulation process, considering the actors involved, the ideas and the institutions that influence decision-making. The second most frequently reported model was the Kingdon multistream framework. This approach proposes that public policies are the result of the interaction of three independent flows: the flow of problems, the flow of policies and the flow of public policy (Montero et al., 2021).

Despite the identification of these models, the authors highlighted a limitation in the reviewed literature: although the articles mention the public policy analysis model used, the theoretical approach that guided it was not specified. This lack of clarity regarding the underlying theoretical approaches makes it difficult to compare and critically analyze the models used in the study of public health policies. Therefore, the authors suggested the need to build a more solid theoretical corpus that allows a better discussion and distinction of the approaches and models used in the analysis of public health policies (Montero et al., 2021).

One of the conclusions of the study was that, although the articles mention the public policy analysis model used, the approach that guided it was not specified. The authors suggest the need to build a more robust theoretical corpus that allows the discussion and distinction of approaches and models for the analysis of public health policies (Montero et al., 2021). It is important to mention that this distinction is very relevant, since it can help to order the methodological proposals for the study of policies.

On the other hand, this article provides an overview of the models used in the analysis of public health policies, highlighting the importance of having clear and solid theoretical approaches. The findings of this research contribute to promote a critical reflection on the existing models and promote the construction of a more robust theoretical framework for the analysis of public policies in the field of health.

We consider that with all this, the different studies support the potential use of the methodology presented in the article by Montenegro., et al. (2021) in the work environment of those who work in the field of health, specifically those who, like us, profess in the field of nursing; as shown below:

Landmark study on health care policy: The study by Smith., et al. (2019) analyzed health care policies in a context similar to the study by Montenegro, et al (2021) and used an approach similar to the Walt and Gilson model of policy analysis. This study found that understanding the political factors and the actors involved was essential to identify barriers and opportunities in the implementation of health care policies.

At this point, it is imperative to mention that the identification of barriers and facilitating elements in access to health care contributes to a more effective monitoring of equity in health and is an essential step to improve access for the entire population and reduce social and health inequities (Macarena et al., 2020). The importance of identifying barriers and implementing policies that are involved in the health field, is focused on awakening the need to design and execute participatory and intersectoral health policies that reduce or eliminate the barriers that are responsible for inequalities in health care and management. (Macarena et al., 2020). This is a means to an end, it is where equitable and accessible access to health care is sought to be improved. (Macarena et al., 2020).

Health Program Evaluation Study: In a study conducted by Johnson., et al. (2020), an approach based on Kingdon's multi-stream framework was used to evaluate a health promotion program in rural communities. The results highlighted the importance of considering the streams of issues, policies and public policy to understand the success of the program and offer recommendations for its improvement.

Streams of issues, policies, and public policies are in fact crucial for understanding the success of health programs and providing recommendations for improving health care. Each component is broken down below: (lvarez, 2022). Problem streams: Health care problem streams refer to the challenges, issues, and concerns that arise within the healthcare system. These can range from access to care, quality of care, cost of care, disparities in healthcare, public health emergencies, and more. Understanding the specific problems is essential to develop effective public policy interventions and policies (lvarez, 2022).

Policy Streams: Policy streams are the guidelines, principles, and courses of action developed by governments, organizations, or institutions to address identified health care problems. Policies can be created at various levels, such as national, state, or local, and cover a wide range of areas, including health care delivery, financing, regulation, the workforce, and public health. Effective policies aim to mitigate problems and improve health care outcomes (lvarez, 2022). Public policy flows: Public policy flows refer to the decisions and actions that governments and public institutions take to address problems in society, including those related to health care. Public policy flows involve the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies that have an impact on the general public. It considers the needs and preferences of the population, assigns resources and establishes priorities to achieve the desired health results (lvarez, 2022).

Understanding the streams of issues, policies, and public policies is essential to understanding the success of health programs and providing recommendations to improve health care. It enables evidence-based decision making, specific problem solving, and effective policy development to achieve better health outcomes for individuals and communities. Health Needs Identification Study: A research study conducted by Davis et al., (2018) applied public health policy analysis models to identify health needs in a specific urban population. The results allowed health professionals; especially those nursing professionals adapt their practice to address the priority needs of the community.

For the community of professionals within the field of health, the importance of incorporating the analysis and promotion of public policies within health management is aimed at demonstrating the importance of such policies in health care and accessibility (Dye, 2018). . Public health policies are intrinsic because they directly or indirectly affect all aspects of daily life, actions, behaviors, and decisions (Dye, 2018). These are usually responsible for prohibiting behaviors that are perceived as risky, encouraging those that are considered beneficial, protecting the rights and well-being of some populations, promoting certain activities or providing direct benefits to citizens in need (Dye, 2018).

On the other hand, there are those regulatory policies that can define professional accreditations, establish price controls for goods and services, determine quality, safety, and efficacy criteria for health services, and address issues of social regulation, such as those related to social and occupational security, immunization, food and medicine, and environmental contamination ( Dye, 2018).

Policy Influence Study: In a case study conducted by Thompson., et al. (2021), health professionals; especially nursing professionals used policy analysis models to influence the formulation of policies related to patient safety in a hospital setting. The results demonstrated that the understanding of political processes was essential to achieve significant changes in institutional policies.

The component of the policies related to patient safety around the hospital field participates in the strategic platforms that seek compliance with the highest quality standards and with them emphasize and promote a guarantee of the objectives of each of the processes. in order to create accessible and equitable models of health care (Pan American Health Organization, 2021).

It is important to mention that the policies related to patient safety are focused on the following processes: patient safety, humanized care, confidentiality of information, visual and auditory contamination, rational use of antibiotics, provision of health services, training and education. continuous, research, human talent, environmental management and others. (PAHO, 2021). As professionals in the field of health, policies that assume the importance of patient safety are of a priority and punitive nature. They also present a pedagogical approach which is oriented towards identifying, prioritizing and managing those risks derived from care; facilitating collaborative actions of patients and their families. In this way, a safe sanitary environment and management for our patients is effectively promoted (PAHO, 2021).

Systematic review on health policy research: A systematic review article by Gonzlez-Blocket., et al. (2017) provided a comprehensive analysis of different models and approaches used in health policy research. This review highlighted the relevance and applicability of public health policy analysis models in various contexts, including the field of nursing. At this point, it is important to mention that the different models and approaches related to health policies are aimed at generating a strategy focused on preventing diseases, promoting health and ensuring the well-being of family members worldwide. Together the models and approaches are aimed at three priorities: (World Health Organization, 2015). Effective access: Health institutions must ensure health services to the entire population. The long-term vision is to equalize the quality of services and make it possible for all people around the world to be cared for in any hospital institution (WHO, 2015).

Quality in service: This promotes that everyone is treated equally and has professionals within the field of health qualified to provide the service in a safe and proper way. In addition to receiving care in quality health facilities (WHO, 2015). Prevention: In this model, education is promoted to prevent degenerative and preventable conditions based on education and educational prevention. Currently, some of the most important actions promoted by this model worldwide are aimed at reducing obesity and overweight (WHO, 2015).

In conclusion, the article "Models for the analysis of public health policies reported in scientific publications" by Montenegro., et al. (2021) provide an overview of the models and approaches used in the analysis of public health policies. Through a systematic search of articles in several databases, the authors identified the most recurrent models in updated research in the study period. It was found that most of the research was carried out in African countries and that policies related to health care were the subject of study more frequently. In particular, the Walt and Gilson policy analysis model, followed by Kingdon's multi-stream framework, were the most reported models in the articles analyzed. However, the need to build a more robust theoretical corpus that allows the discussion and distinction of the approaches and models used in the analysis of public policies was highlighted. This distinction is relevant, since it can order and systematize the methodological proposals for the study of policies and their application in different contexts.

In the field of nursing, the methodology presented in the article has significant potential. Nursing professionals can use these models and approaches to analyze health care policies, identify priority health needs, influence policy formulation, evaluate health programs, and contribute to public health policy research. By applying this methodology in their work environment, nursing professionals can better understand the political factors and the actors involved in health decision-making, which will allow them to advocate for policies that promote equity, accessibility, and quality of care. attention. In addition, they will be able to identify barriers and opportunities in the implementation of health policies and adapt their practice to address the priority needs of the community.