Managerial accounting All the gains of efficient workers and all the losses of inefficient workers benefit the employer under the time rate system. Under the piece rate system, it is the workers who gain or lose. 124 EP-CMA Under the premium bonus system, the gains are shared by the employer and employees in agreed proportions. Apart from the minimum guaranteed wages, the efficient workers get bonus which depends on the time saved. The standard is determined scientifically. The various incentive schemes should be chosen keeping in mind the nature of the work, with the consent of trade unions in order to make it successful. These plans regulate the speed of work so that the pace of work is not slow and at the same time it is not fast. Basically, there are two types of plans. Under the constant sharing plans, the proportion of sharing is constant at all levels of efficiency, but under variable sharing plans, it varies with the time saved.

1 Please could you tell me the normal range of values for the liver function test serum alkaline phosphatase. The only mention of the parameters is that a reading of 1000 serious liver condition.

2 What is the best single test of liver function to exclude liver cell failure in the routine work-up of a patient with early dementia?

3 How valuable is the measurement of the liver span in a physical examination?

4 Why has the term 'chronic liver disease' replaced terms such as 'chronic hepatitis'? What exactly does this new term mean and what conditions does it cover?

5 Can jaundice occur early in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis and, if so, how?

6 My patient has been found to have a serum bilirubin of 34 mol/L (2 mg/dL) on three occasions. The other liver tests are normal. He tells me he has Gilbert's disease; how can I prove this?

7 Why is urinary urobilinogen increased in haemolytic jaundice? If the bilirubin in this condition is unconjugated, how does it reach the terminal ileum to be converted into urobilinogen?

8 How does cholestatic jaundice affect the kidney?

9 What is the mechanism by which cholestatic jaundice causes bradycardia?

10 Are 'jaundice' and 'icterus' one and the same? I was taught that icterus is yellowing of the sclera, while jaundice is yellowing of the skin and the mucous membranes. As a result, carotenaemia can produce jaundice but not icterus: is this so? I would be grateful if you would clarify this for me