managerial accounting.

Question

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Alexander Hamilton University Alexander Hamilton University (AHU) is a small university located in Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis. The university is very focused, with only two schools: The School of Business (SB) and the School of Engineering (SE). Both schools offer traditional undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as certificates and executive credentials. Given the wide array of programs and students, the delivery of content is multifaceted; faculty use a combination of in~person (in the \"room where it happened"), asynchronous online and synchronous online delivery methods. Similarly, faculty are expected to maintain an active research portfolio; many faculty use engineering labs, market simulation labs, and observation labs (e.g., for focus groups) to collect data and run experiments. In addition to the resources located specifically within the SB and SE, the university offers centralized support through a shared services model. AHU now centralizes support for general administration (e.g., admissions, advising, and IT), research (via research pods) and instructional design (for online and inperson course development). Students at AHU aim to customize their programs to best meet their goals. Allowing students a variety of options including the opportunity to work in labs and help with research is crucial to the recruiting and retention of students at AHU. In general, the SB students are more interested in experiential learning, internships, and a mix of teaching methodologies. The SE students expect hands-on lab experience and research opportunities. In 2020, tuition per student (for either SB or SE) which is largely determined by market force is $60,000. Existing Cost System at AHU The existing cost system at AHU calculates the cost per student in both the School of Business (SB) and the School of Engineering (SE). Costs at each school consist of direct labor and direct facility costs as well as allocated overhead costs. Direct labor and facility costs are variable costs with respect to enrollment. The existing cost system at AHU treats all overhead, except for instructional design, the same, The instructional design costs are estimated to vary in relation to the number of courses. All other overhead costs (i.e., administrative overhead and research pod overhead) are allocated to SB and SE based on student enrollment. The budgeted operating income statement for 2020 is provided in Ex. 1. New Cost Study at AHU Angelica Schuyler, President of AHU, authorized an internal cost study to better assess individual schools' profitability. The findings reveal the following: 1. Administrative costs are comprised of Admissions, Advising, Alumni Relations and IT costs. The study reveals that these costs are best proxied by student enrollment. 2. Research pods provide support for faculty research. These expenses include the costs of research assistants, supplies, databases, and lab equipment, for example. The costs in this pool are primarily driven by the cost of running laboratories; the other expenses are minimal in comparison. Larger labs in terms of square footage equate to larger costs of running the research pods. 3. Instructional design includes the costs associated with the instructional designer, professional filming and editing, and the cost of the online platform. The administration previously treated all online classes the same. However, the new cost study revealed that online courses vary significantly in their sophistication and development time. The resources used to develop new courses, and update existing courses, seemed to relate to the time spent developing courses. 4. Direct labor (mostly faculty compensation) and facility costs (mostly classroom venue rental cost) are variable costs varying with the enrollment.1 5. 100% of administrative costs, 30% of research pods and 80% of the instructional design costs are fixed. Ex. 2 contains some of the operating data projected for 2020. Recent development The year 2020 turned out to be a tough year for AHU. COVID-19 hit in March, and everything came to a halt. With the uncertainty and fear related to the virus, enrollments were adversely affected. Students questioned whether school would be "normal," and international students struggled with the decision to move to an unfamiliar country. Graduate enrollment increased slightly and undergraduate enrollment declined. The actual 2020 enrollment was 250 for SB and 300 for SE. 3 Unlike most of its competitors, AHU's philosophy emphasizes personalized attention to students: many classes at AHU take the format of anindependent study where a faculty member interacts with an individual student or a very small group of students. Exhibit 3 contains actual and budgeted direct labor information for 2020. Aaron Burr College, a local liberal arts college, was not prepared for the move online that was sparked by COVID-19; it did not have the infrastructure to support the online delivery of content. The college's administration approached AHU's IT team to purchase and operate a new server. The server in question can be used for only one year, has a price tag of $1,750,000 and can handle a maximum of 7,500 usage hours in the year. The variable cost of operating the server is $60 per usage hour, and Aaron Burr College plans to use 4,000 usage hours in the next year. Although allowing Aaron Burr College to use AHU's IT services would not affect AHU's competitive edge, Schuyler was struggling to calculate a fair price for this relationship. AHU is in the process of making a budget for 2021. Exhibit 4 contains assumptions that is using to forecast 2021's results. Exhibit 1: 2020 Budgeted Operating Inc ome Statement Revenues 36, 000,000 Costs Direct Labor 4,000,000 Direct Facility 2,000,000 Administrative 4,500,000 Research pods 10,000,000 Instructional design 12,000,000 Operating Profit 3,500,000 Exhibit 2: Projected Operating Data for 2020 SB SE Number of courses 50 150 Research lab square footage 300,000 100,000 Enrollment 200 400 if of hours spent developing courses 200,000 50,000 Exhibit 3: Budgeted and Actual Direct Labor Usage in 2020 Budgeted Hourly Hourly Wage DL Dollars Wage DL Dollars SB 750 2,250,000 800 4,000,000 SE 150 750,000 200 600,000 Total 4,000,000 4,600,000 Exhibit 4: 2021 Budget Assumptions Revenues 40, 000, 000 Total enrollment Total direct labor cost 5, 000, 000 Number of courses Total research lab square footage 350, 000 Total # of hours spent developing courses 200,000 l . Diagram the existing cost system used at AHU to assign costs to SB and SE in 2020. Clearly identify the allocation bases as well as the rates used to assign these costs. Is it an ABC system? Why? 2. What is the projected cost and protability for SB and SE (either in total or per student) under the existing cost system in 2020? 3. Diagram the cost system suggested by the new cost study for 2020? Clearly identify the allocation bases as well as the rates used to assign costs. 4. What is the projected cost and protability for SB and SE (either in total or per student) under the cost system suggested by the new cost study in 2020? 5. What assumptions in the cost system are driving the difference in costs between the two systems? Which school is being hurt (i.e., too many costs allocated) by the system and why? No calculation is needed for this question. 6. Based on the new cost study, what suggestions would you offer AHU to improve protability? No calculation is needed for this question. 7. Currently, AHU uses the total of students enrolled to evaluate its admissions staff. Identify one strength and one weakness of this performance measure. No calculation is needed for this question. 8. Exhibit 3 shows there is a signicant cost overrun for direct labor. Analyze these results carefully using data provided in the case for SB and SE, respectively. Compare the analyses for SB and SE. Explain potential cause for the difference. 9. Compile a budgeted operating income statement for 2021 . 10. Aaron Burr College would like to have exclusive rights to use the new server and is willing to let AHU charge a 10% margin on any "reasonable" IT costs incurred. How should AHU charge Aaron Burr College? Be specic in your answer using data provided by the case. Explain your answer. 1 1. How will your answer to the previous question change if AHU had purchased the server in anticipation of external demand and Aaron Burr is willing to share the server with other users? No calculation is needed for this question. 12. AHU is considering reorganizing its instructional design operation into a separate unit and letting it charge SB and SE. The capacity for the instructional design group is 400,000 hours a year. What should be the transfer price per hour such that SB and SE would make decisions that maximize the university's interest? Be specic in your answer using the data provided by the case. Explain your answer. PART I: SAMPLE MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING CASE STUDIES CASE 1: COST CLASSIFICATIONS Roger is a student at Tacoma Community College and needs to supplement his income while going to school. Roger buys a new car and decides to be an Uber driver. The hours are flexible and the pay is reasonably good allowing Roger to go the school and work. Roger didn't drive much during March as he was on spring break. In addition, Roger drove less during May and December because he was studying for final exams. Uber requires Roger to pay a commission of 20 percent on all gross receipts. Roger buys a new Hyundai Elantra SE for $25,000. Roger thinks the car will last four years and will have a residual value of $5,000. Roger plans to depreciate the car using straight-line depreciation. The car will be used 100 % for business. Roger keeps track of his expenses in three categories. Those categories are insurance on the car, fuel costs; and other costs. The other category includes fixing of flat tires, oil changes, speeding tickets, car washes/detailing, cell phone with data, and auto maintenance. Roger ignores federal income taxes as a business expense and self-employment taxes as they are not reported as a business expense on his tax return. You are to ignore these costs in your computations. Roger's gross receipts for the year were $62,500. Expenses paid with cash or credit card during the last year are as follows: Auto Insurance... . .. .......... $4,439 Fuel Expense.... cases.... $6,294 Other Miles Driven Total Other Cost 749 - fixed costs + (0.072 # January 2,817 $ 460 February 3,453 529 749 fixed costs + 494.35 March 1,255 340 - 494. 352 = Pixel cud- 494.35 April 4,892 690 May 1,629 400 254. 648 June 5,478 718 July 5,381 706 August 6,933 749 September 3,983 569 October 3,630 542 November 4,762 662 December 3,387 501 Total 47,600 Required: 1. Using the high-low method determine the portion of "Other" costs that are fixed (rounded to the nearest dollar) and the variable cost per mile (rounded three decimal places). 2. Looking at all costs, what are the total variable cost per mile and the total fixed costs? Include cash and noncash annual expenditures in your analysis. 3. Using the results of #2 above, if Roger drives 60,000 miles next year with an estimated gross receipts of $78,782, what is the estimated total costs and average cost per mile? 4. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for this year and next year. Calculate your income per mile. Explain your results in detail. 5. Research online any taxes that might be due the Washington State Department of Revenue by Uber drivers. Explain how the tax is calculated.Managerial Accounting Company Example This week we covered Chapter 1, Introduction to Managerial Accounting and Chapter 2, Job Order Costing. Managerial Accounting is used mostly in manufacturing companies which assemble it's own inventory. Job Order costing is a method for firms which produce unique items such as high end homes or cars tailored to their owners. Please identify a specific company that would rely on managerial accounting information and why this is the case. When identifying the company please list it's full legal name, location, industry, and how managerial accounting would assist in analyzing a company's financials. It is not allowed to use the same company as a student from a previous post in Week 1. In your response to your peers try to provide an insight that they may have missed on how their chosen company might utilized managerial accounting. Alternatively you could explain how your chosen company is similar or different from you peers in terms of how they might utilize managerial accounting