Managerial accounting The history of accounting is as old as civilization. It is the process of identifying, measuring, recording and communicating economic information, capable of being expressed in terms of money. The utility of accounting information lies in its ability to reduce uncertainty. The information has to be relevant, verifiable, quantifiable and free from bias. Prior to the industrial revolution, businesses were small and characterized by simple market exchanges between individuals and organizations. In those times there was a need of accurate book keeping though not that much of cost accounting.

51 How sensitive is the increase in serum lipase levels in the case of acute pancreatitis?

52 What is the association between chronic pancreatitis and peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

53 Please, can you explain to us the mechanism of pancreatitis in hypertriglyceridaemias?

54 Is there any role for chemotherapy in carcinoma of the pancreas?

55 1. How should portal hypertension be managed in patients with bronchial asthma, where beta-blockers are contraindicated? 2. How should diuretics for these patients with hypertension be added?

56 Is cirrhosis a prerequisite for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B (HBV)?

57 Should therapy with interferons in the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) commence when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is positive, irrespective of serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels?

58 What is the degree of sensitivity of the CA19-9 as a marker of cancer in the head of the pancreas?

59 What are the benefits and drawbacks of silymarin in the treatment of liver cell failure? (This treatment is widely used in my country.)

60 If using zinc in the treatment of Wilson's disease, should the salt used to treat the disease be zinc acetate, or is any zinc-containing salt such as zinc sulphate sufficient? Question 61 Is alkaline phosphatase of value in the differential diagnosis of jaundice? If so, in what type is this raised?