Many $q,$ integrate with $q,$ or an LDAP$-$based system for authentication and authorization.

a$.$ NASs $($Network$-$Attached Storages$)$; Active Directory

b$.$ SANs $($Storage Area Networks$)$; e$-$mail clients

c$.$ CBSs $($Cloud$-$Based Storages$)$; file systems

d$.$ FSCs $($File$-$Sharing Clients$)$; client operating systems