Many species of beetle produce large horns that are used as weapons or shields. The resources required to build these horns might be diverted from other useful structures. One study measured the sizes of wings and horns in female beetles. Both horn and wing traits are measured as relative wing mass and relative hom size, which are scaled for body-size differences. Data are shown in the following table, as well as in ( mathrm{R} ) code. Horn

Many species of beetle produce large horns that are used as weapons or shields. The resources required to build these homs might be diverted from other useful structures. One study measured the sizes of wings and horns in female beetles. Both horn and wing traits are measured as relative wing mass and relative hom size, which are scaled for body-size differences. Data are shown in the following table, as well as in R code. Relative hom size (mm2) Relative wing mass (ug) 0.074 0.079 0.019 -42.8 -10.6 -2.6 0.085 0.011 -11.4 -1.6 0.023 -3.2 0.004 0.081 -0.7 -10.9 -0.002 0.1 -0.065 8.5 -0.014 1.7 -0.132 17.4 -0.143 18.8 -0.177 23.3 Hom