Margaret Avery Company from time to time embarks on a research program when a special project seems to offer possibilities. In 2018, the company expends $325,000 on a research project, but by the end of 2018, it is impossible to determine whether any benefit will be derived from it.

What account should be charged for the $325,000, and how should it be shown in the financial statements?

Additional engineering and consulting costs incurred in 2020 required to advance the design of a new version of the product to the manufacturing stage total $60,000. These costs enhance the design of the product considerably, but it is highly uncertain if there will be a market for the new version of the product. Discuss the proper accounting treatment for this cost.