Marigold Design Inc. (MD) is a privately owned business that provides interior decorating options for consumers. MD follows ASPE. The software that it purchased six years ago to present clients with designs that are unique to their offices is no longer state of the art, and MD has to make a decision on replacing its software. The company has two options:

1.		Enter into a lease agreement with Precision Inc. whereby MD makes an upfront lease payment of $12,050 on January 1, 2021, and annual payments of $4,400 over the next five years on each December 31. At the end of the lease, MD has the option to buy the software for $4,925. The first annual lease payment is on December 31, 2021.
2.		Enter into a lease agreement with Graphic Inc. on January 1, 2021, whereby MD makes five annual lease payments of $6,575, beginning on January 1, 2021. MD may purchase the software at the end of the lease period for $200. This is considered a bargain price compared with the offer of $4,925 in the proposal from Precision Inc.

Under both options, the software will require annual upgrades that are expected to cost $1,540 per year. These upgrade costs are in addition to the lease payments that are required under the two independent options. Because this additional cost is the same under both options, MD has decided to ignore it in making its choice.

The Precision agreement requires a licensing fee of $1,030 to be renewed annually. If MD decides on the Precision option, the licensing fee will be included in the annual lease payment of $4,400. Both Precision Inc. and Graphic Inc. offer software programs of similar quality and ease of use, and both provide adequate support and training. The software under each offer is expected to be used for up to eight years, although this depends to some extent on technological advances in future years. Both offers are equivalent in terms of the product and service.

It is now early October 2020, and MD hopes to have the software in place by its fiscal year end of December 31, 2020. MD is currently working on preparing its third-quarter financial statements, which its bank is particularly interested in seeing in order to ensure that MD is respecting its debt to equity ratio covenant in its loan agreement with the bank. The interest rate on the bank loan, which is MDs only source of external financing, is 10% per year. MD would have preferred to be able to buy rather than lease the software, but the expected purchase price of $30,035 exceeds the limits that the bank set for MDs borrowing. Using tables, a financial calculator, or Excel functions, calculate the PV of the future minimum lease payments under each option.

		Present Value
Option 1 Precision Inc.		$
Option 2 Graphic Inc.		$

Determine the nature of the lease arrangement under each of the two lease options offered to MD and the corresponding accounting treatment that should be applied.

		The accounting treatment of the lease
Option 1 Precision Inc.		An Operating LeaseA Capital Lease
Option 2 Graphic Inc.		A Capital LeaseAn Operating Lease

Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for MD under the Precision Inc. option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to December 31, 2021, excluding the $1,540 annual upgrade.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit	Credit
Jan. 1, 2021
Dec. 31, 2021
	(To record payment of rent and operating expenses.)
Dec. 31, 2021
	(To record expired rent.)

Prepare an amortization schedule using Excel that would be suitable for the lease term in the Graphic Inc. option.

Marigold Design Inc. Lease Amortization Schedule with Graphic Inc.
Date		Annual Lease Payment		Interest on Unpaid Obligation		Reduction of Lease Obligation		Balance of Lease Obligation
1/1/21								$
1/1/21		$				$
1/1/22
1/1/23
1/1/24
1/1/25
1/1/26
		$		$		$

Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for MD under Graphics option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to January 1, 2022, excluding the $1,540 annual upgrade.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit	Credit
Jan. 1, 2021
	(To record inception of lease and first lease payment.)
Jan. 1, 2021Dec. 31, 2021Jan. 1, 2022
	(To record interest.)
Jan. 1, 2021Dec. 31, 2021Jan. 1, 2022
	(To record depreciation expense.)
Jan. 1, 2021Dec. 31, 2021Jan. 1, 2022
	(To record lease payment.)